houer

See also: Houer

French

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /u.e/

• Audio:

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Verb

houer

1. to hoe

Conjugation

Conjugation of houer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	houer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	houant /u.ɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		houé /u.e/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	houe /u/	houes /u/	houe /u/	houons /u.ɔ̃/	houez /u.e/	houent /u/
	imperfect	houais /u.ɛ/	houais /u.ɛ/	houait /u.ɛ/	houions /u.jɔ̃/	houiez /u.je/	houaient /u.ɛ/
	past historic2	houai /u.e/	houas /u.a/	houa /u.a/	houâmes /u.am/	houâtes /u.at/	houèrent /u.ɛʁ/
	future	houerai /u.ə.ʁe/	houeras /u.ə.ʁa/	houera /u.ə.ʁa/	houerons /u.ə.ʁɔ̃/	houerez /u.ə.ʁe/	houeront /u.ə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	houerais /u.ə.ʁɛ/	houerais /u.ə.ʁɛ/	houerait /u.ə.ʁɛ/	houerions /u.ə.ʁjɔ̃/	houeriez /u.ə.ʁje/	houeraient /u.ə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	houe /u/	houes /u/	houe /u/	houions /u.jɔ̃/	houiez /u.je/	houent /u/
	imperfect2	houasse /u.as/	houasses /u.as/	houât /u.a/	houassions /u.a.sjɔ̃/	houassiez /u.a.sje/	houassent /u.as/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	houe /u/	—	houons /u.ɔ̃/	houez /u.e/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “houer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle French

Verb

houer

1. to hoe

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of houer

infinitive	simple	houer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	houant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		houé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	houe	houes	houe	houons	houez	houent
	imperfect	houois, houoys	houois, houoys	houoit, houoyt	houions, houyons	houiez, houyez	houoient, houoyent
	past historic	houa	houas	houa	houasmes	houastes	houerent
	future	houerai, houeray	houeras	houera	houerons	houerez	houeront
	conditional	houerois, houeroys	houerois, houeroys	houeroit, houeroyt	houerions, houeryons	houeriez, houeryez	houeroient, houeroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	houe	houes	houe	houons	houez	houent
	imperfect	houasse	houasses	houast	houassions	houassiez	houassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	houe	—	houons	houez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).