hlangana

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -hlangana, from Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

Verb

hlangana

to meet

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

Verb

-hlángana

to meet

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

Verb

-hlángana

to meet

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

Verb

-hlángana

to meet

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càngana.

Verb

-hlangana

(intransitive) to meet, to come together
(intransitive) to assemble
(intransitive) to combine
(intransitive) to unite
(intransitive) to mix

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuhlangana
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuhlangana	ukungahlangani
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	hlangana	-hlangane
Plural	hlanganani	-hlanganeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyahlangana, ngihlangana	engihlanganayo, engihlangana	ngihlangana	angihlangani	engingahlangani	ngingahlangani
2nd singular	uyahlangana, uhlangana	ohlanganayo, ohlangana	uhlangana	awuhlangani	ongahlangani	ungahlangani
1st plural	siyahlangana, sihlangana	esihlanganayo, esihlangana	sihlangana	asihlangani	esingahlangani	singahlangani
2nd plural	niyahlangana, nihlangana	enihlanganayo, enihlangana	nihlangana	anihlangani	eningahlangani	ningahlangani
Class 1	uyahlangana, uhlangana	ohlanganayo, ohlangana	ehlangana	akahlangani	ongahlangani	engahlangani
Class 2	bayahlangana, bahlangana	abahlanganayo, abahlangana	behlangana	abahlangani	abangahlangani	bengahlangani
Class 3	uyahlangana, uhlangana	ohlanganayo, ohlangana	uhlangana	awuhlangani	ongahlangani	ungahlangani
Class 4	iyahlangana, ihlangana	ehlanganayo, ehlangana	ihlangana	ayihlangani	engahlangani	ingahlangani
Class 5	liyahlangana, lihlangana	elihlanganayo, elihlangana	lihlangana	alihlangani	elingahlangani	lingahlangani
Class 6	ayahlangana, ahlangana	ahlanganayo, ahlangana	ehlangana	awahlangani	angahlangani	engahlangani
Class 7	siyahlangana, sihlangana	esihlanganayo, esihlangana	sihlangana	asihlangani	esingahlangani	singahlangani
Class 8	ziyahlangana, zihlangana	ezihlanganayo, ezihlangana	zihlangana	azihlangani	ezingahlangani	zingahlangani
Class 9	iyahlangana, ihlangana	ehlanganayo, ehlangana	ihlangana	ayihlangani	engahlangani	ingahlangani
Class 10	ziyahlangana, zihlangana	ezihlanganayo, ezihlangana	zihlangana	azihlangani	ezingahlangani	zingahlangani
Class 11	luyahlangana, luhlangana	oluhlanganayo, oluhlangana	luhlangana	aluhlangani	olungahlangani	lungahlangani
Class 14	buyahlangana, buhlangana	obuhlanganayo, obuhlangana	buhlangana	abuhlangani	obungahlangani	bungahlangani
Class 15	kuyahlangana, kuhlangana	okuhlanganayo, okuhlangana	kuhlangana	akuhlangani	okungahlangani	kungahlangani
Class 17	kuyahlangana, kuhlangana	okuhlanganayo, okuhlangana	kuhlangana	akuhlangani	okungahlangani	kungahlangani
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngihlanganile, ngihlanganē	engihlanganile, engihlanganē	ngihlanganile, ngihlanganē	angihlangananga	engingahlangananga	ngingahlangananga
2nd singular	uhlanganile, uhlanganē	ohlanganile, ohlanganē	uhlanganile, uhlanganē	awuhlangananga	ongahlangananga	ungahlangananga
1st plural	sihlanganile, sihlanganē	esihlanganile, esihlanganē	sihlanganile, sihlanganē	asihlangananga	esingahlangananga	singahlangananga
2nd plural	nihlanganile, nihlanganē	enihlanganile, enihlanganē	nihlanganile, nihlanganē	anihlangananga	eningahlangananga	ningahlangananga
Class 1	uhlanganile, uhlanganē	ohlanganile, ohlanganē	ehlanganile, ehlanganē	akahlangananga	ongahlangananga	engahlangananga
Class 2	bahlanganile, bahlanganē	abahlanganile, abahlanganē	behlanganile, behlanganē	abahlangananga	abangahlangananga	bengahlangananga
Class 3	uhlanganile, uhlanganē	ohlanganile, ohlanganē	uhlanganile, uhlanganē	awuhlangananga	ongahlangananga	ungahlangananga
Class 4	ihlanganile, ihlanganē	ehlanganile, ehlanganē	ihlanganile, ihlanganē	ayihlangananga	engahlangananga	ingahlangananga
Class 5	lihlanganile, lihlanganē	elihlanganile, elihlanganē	lihlanganile, lihlanganē	alihlangananga	elingahlangananga	lingahlangananga
Class 6	ahlanganile, ahlanganē	ahlanganile, ahlanganē	ehlanganile, ehlanganē	awahlangananga	angahlangananga	engahlangananga
Class 7	sihlanganile, sihlanganē	esihlanganile, esihlanganē	sihlanganile, sihlanganē	asihlangananga	esingahlangananga	singahlangananga
Class 8	zihlanganile, zihlanganē	ezihlanganile, ezihlanganē	zihlanganile, zihlanganē	azihlangananga	ezingahlangananga	zingahlangananga
Class 9	ihlanganile, ihlanganē	ehlanganile, ehlanganē	ihlanganile, ihlanganē	ayihlangananga	engahlangananga	ingahlangananga
Class 10	zihlanganile, zihlanganē	ezihlanganile, ezihlanganē	zihlanganile, zihlanganē	azihlangananga	ezingahlangananga	zingahlangananga
Class 11	luhlanganile, luhlanganē	oluhlanganile, oluhlanganē	luhlanganile, luhlanganē	aluhlangananga	olungahlangananga	lungahlangananga
Class 14	buhlanganile, buhlanganē	obuhlanganile, obuhlanganē	buhlanganile, buhlanganē	abuhlangananga	obungahlangananga	bungahlangananga
Class 15	kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē	okuhlanganile, okuhlanganē	kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē	akuhlangananga	okungahlangananga	kungahlangananga
Class 17	kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē	okuhlanganile, okuhlanganē	kuhlanganile, kuhlanganē	akuhlangananga	okungahlangananga	kungahlangananga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāhlangana	engāhlangana	ngāhlangana	angihlangananga	engingahlangananga	ngingahlangananga
2nd singular	wāhlangana	owāhlangana	wāhlangana	awuhlangananga	ongahlangananga	ungahlangananga
1st plural	sāhlangana	esāhlangana	sāhlangana	asihlangananga	esingahlangananga	singahlangananga
2nd plural	nāhlangana	enāhlangana	nāhlangana	anihlangananga	eningahlangananga	ningahlangananga
Class 1	wāhlangana	owāhlangana	āhlangana	akahlangananga	ongahlangananga	engahlangananga
Class 2	bāhlangana	abāhlangana	bāhlangana	abahlangananga	abangahlangananga	bengahlangananga
Class 3	wāhlangana	owāhlangana	wāhlangana	awuhlangananga	ongahlangananga	ungahlangananga
Class 4	yāhlangana	eyāhlangana	yāhlangana	ayihlangananga	engahlangananga	ingahlangananga
Class 5	lāhlangana	elāhlangana	lāhlangana	alihlangananga	elingahlangananga	lingahlangananga
Class 6	āhlangana	āhlangana	āhlangana	awahlangananga	angahlangananga	engahlangananga
Class 7	sāhlangana	esāhlangana	sāhlangana	asihlangananga	esingahlangananga	singahlangananga
Class 8	zāhlangana	ezāhlangana	zāhlangana	azihlangananga	ezingahlangananga	zingahlangananga
Class 9	yāhlangana	eyāhlangana	yāhlangana	ayihlangananga	engahlangananga	ingahlangananga
Class 10	zāhlangana	ezāhlangana	zāhlangana	azihlangananga	ezingahlangananga	zingahlangananga
Class 11	lwāhlangana	olwāhlangana	lwāhlangana	aluhlangananga	olungahlangananga	lungahlangananga
Class 14	bāhlangana	obāhlangana	bāhlangana	abuhlangananga	obungahlangananga	bungahlangananga
Class 15	kwāhlangana	okwāhlangana	kwāhlangana	akuhlangananga	okungahlangananga	kungahlangananga
Class 17	kwāhlangana	okwāhlangana	kwāhlangana	akuhlangananga	okungahlangananga	kungahlangananga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingahlangana	—	ngingahlangana	ngingehlangane	—	ngingehlangane
2nd singular	ungahlangana	—	ungahlangana	ungehlangane	—	ungehlangane
1st plural	singahlangana	—	singahlangana	singehlangane	—	singehlangane
2nd plural	ningahlangana	—	ningahlangana	ningehlangane	—	ningehlangane
Class 1	angahlangana	—	engahlangana	angehlangane	—	engehlangane
Class 2	bangahlangana	—	bengahlangana	bangehlangane	—	bengehlangane
Class 3	ungahlangana	—	ungahlangana	ungehlangane	—	ungehlangane
Class 4	ingahlangana	—	ingahlangana	ingehlangane	—	ingehlangane
Class 5	lingahlangana	—	lingahlangana	lingehlangane	—	lingehlangane
Class 6	angahlangana	—	engahlangana	angehlangane	—	engehlangane
Class 7	singahlangana	—	singahlangana	singehlangane	—	singehlangane
Class 8	zingahlangana	—	zingahlangana	zingehlangane	—	zingehlangane
Class 9	ingahlangana	—	ingahlangana	ingehlangane	—	ingehlangane
Class 10	zingahlangana	—	zingahlangana	zingehlangane	—	zingehlangane
Class 11	lungahlangana	—	lungahlangana	lungehlangane	—	lungehlangane
Class 14	bungahlangana	—	bungahlangana	bungehlangane	—	bungehlangane
Class 15	kungahlangana	—	kungahlangana	kungehlangane	—	kungehlangane
Class 17	kungahlangana	—	kungahlangana	kungehlangane	—	kungehlangane
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizohlangana	engizohlangana	ngizohlangana	angizuhlangana	engingezuhlangana	ngingezuhlangana
2nd singular	uzohlangana	ozohlangana	uzohlangana	awuzuhlangana	ongezuhlangana	ungezuhlangana
1st plural	sizohlangana	esizohlangana	sizohlangana	asizuhlangana	esingezuhlangana	singezuhlangana
2nd plural	nizohlangana	enizohlangana	nizohlangana	anizuhlangana	eningezuhlangana	ningezuhlangana
Class 1	uzohlangana	ozohlangana	ezohlangana	akazuhlangana	ongezuhlangana	engezuhlangana
Class 2	bazohlangana	abazohlangana	bezohlangana	abazuhlangana	abangezuhlangana	bengezuhlangana
Class 3	uzohlangana	ozohlangana	uzohlangana	awuzuhlangana	ongezuhlangana	ungezuhlangana
Class 4	izohlangana	ezohlangana	izohlangana	ayizuhlangana	engezuhlangana	ingezuhlangana
Class 5	lizohlangana	elizohlangana	lizohlangana	alizuhlangana	elingezuhlangana	lingezuhlangana
Class 6	azohlangana	azohlangana	ezohlangana	awazuhlangana	angezuhlangana	engezuhlangana
Class 7	sizohlangana	esizohlangana	sizohlangana	asizuhlangana	esingezuhlangana	singezuhlangana
Class 8	zizohlangana	ezizohlangana	zizohlangana	azizuhlangana	ezingezuhlangana	zingezuhlangana
Class 9	izohlangana	ezohlangana	izohlangana	ayizuhlangana	engezuhlangana	ingezuhlangana
Class 10	zizohlangana	ezizohlangana	zizohlangana	azizuhlangana	ezingezuhlangana	zingezuhlangana
Class 11	luzohlangana	oluzohlangana	luzohlangana	aluzuhlangana	olungezuhlangana	lungezuhlangana
Class 14	buzohlangana	obuzohlangana	buzohlangana	abuzuhlangana	obungezuhlangana	bungezuhlangana
Class 15	kuzohlangana	okuzohlangana	kuzohlangana	akuzuhlangana	okungezuhlangana	kungezuhlangana
Class 17	kuzohlangana	okuzohlangana	kuzohlangana	akuzuhlangana	okungezuhlangana	kungezuhlangana
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyohlangana	engiyohlangana	ngiyohlangana	angiyuhlangana	engingeyuhlangana	ngingeyuhlangana
2nd singular	uyohlangana	oyohlangana	uyohlangana	awuyuhlangana	ongeyuhlangana	ungeyuhlangana
1st plural	siyohlangana	esiyohlangana	siyohlangana	asiyuhlangana	esingeyuhlangana	singeyuhlangana
2nd plural	niyohlangana	eniyohlangana	niyohlangana	aniyuhlangana	eningeyuhlangana	ningeyuhlangana
Class 1	uyohlangana	oyohlangana	eyohlangana	akayuhlangana	ongeyuhlangana	engeyuhlangana
Class 2	bayohlangana	abayohlangana	beyohlangana	abayuhlangana	abangeyuhlangana	bengeyuhlangana
Class 3	uyohlangana	oyohlangana	uyohlangana	awuyuhlangana	ongeyuhlangana	ungeyuhlangana
Class 4	iyohlangana	eyohlangana	iyohlangana	ayiyuhlangana	engeyuhlangana	ingeyuhlangana
Class 5	liyohlangana	eliyohlangana	liyohlangana	aliyuhlangana	elingeyuhlangana	lingeyuhlangana
Class 6	ayohlangana	ayohlangana	eyohlangana	awayuhlangana	angeyuhlangana	engeyuhlangana
Class 7	siyohlangana	esiyohlangana	siyohlangana	asiyuhlangana	esingeyuhlangana	singeyuhlangana
Class 8	ziyohlangana	eziyohlangana	ziyohlangana	aziyuhlangana	ezingeyuhlangana	zingeyuhlangana
Class 9	iyohlangana	eyohlangana	iyohlangana	ayiyuhlangana	engeyuhlangana	ingeyuhlangana
Class 10	ziyohlangana	eziyohlangana	ziyohlangana	aziyuhlangana	ezingeyuhlangana	zingeyuhlangana
Class 11	luyohlangana	oluyohlangana	luyohlangana	aluyuhlangana	olungeyuhlangana	lungeyuhlangana
Class 14	buyohlangana	obuyohlangana	buyohlangana	abuyuhlangana	obungeyuhlangana	bungeyuhlangana
Class 15	kuyohlangana	okuyohlangana	kuyohlangana	akuyuhlangana	okungeyuhlangana	kungeyuhlangana
Class 17	kuyohlangana	okuyohlangana	kuyohlangana	akuyuhlangana	okungeyuhlangana	kungeyuhlangana
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngihlangane	ngingahlangani
2nd singular	uhlangane	ungahlangani
1st plural	sihlangane	singahlangani
2nd plural	nihlangane	ningahlangani
Class 1	ahlangane	angahlangani
Class 2	bahlangane	bangahlangani
Class 3	uhlangane	ungahlangani
Class 4	ihlangane	ingahlangani
Class 5	lihlangane	lingahlangani
Class 6	ahlangane	angahlangani
Class 7	sihlangane	singahlangani
Class 8	zihlangane	zingahlangani
Class 9	ihlangane	ingahlangani
Class 10	zihlangane	zingahlangani
Class 11	luhlangane	lungahlangani
Class 14	buhlangane	bungahlangani
Class 15	kuhlangane	kungahlangani
Class 17	kuhlangane	kungahlangani
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngahlangana	ngangahlangana, angahlangana, angangahlangana
2nd singular	wahlangana	wangahlangana, awahlangana, awangahlangana
1st plural	sahlangana	sangahlangana, asahlangana, asangahlangana
2nd plural	nahlangana	nangahlangana, anahlangana, anangahlangana
Class 1	wahlangana	wangahlangana, akahlangana, akangahlangana
Class 2	bahlangana	bangahlangana, abahlangana, abangahlangana
Class 3	wahlangana	wangahlangana, awahlangana, awangahlangana
Class 4	yahlangana	yangahlangana, ayahlangana, ayangahlangana
Class 5	lahlangana	langahlangana, alahlangana, alangahlangana
Class 6	ahlangana	angahlangana, awahlangana, awangahlangana
Class 7	sahlangana	sangahlangana, asahlangana, asangahlangana
Class 8	zahlangana	zangahlangana, azahlangana, azangahlangana
Class 9	yahlangana	yangahlangana, ayahlangana, ayangahlangana
Class 10	zahlangana	zangahlangana, azahlangana, azangahlangana
Class 11	lwahlangana	lwangahlangana, alwahlangana, alwangahlangana
Class 14	bahlangana	bangahlangana, abahlangana, abangahlangana
Class 15	kwahlangana	kwangahlangana, akwahlangana, akwangahlangana
Class 17	kwahlangana	kwangahlangana, akwahlangana, akwangahlangana

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlangana”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlangana (3.2.9)”