hlaba

Lala (South Africa)

Noun

hlâba

earth

Northern Sotho

Verb

hlaba

to stab

Phuthi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hlaba

to stab

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Sotho

Verb

hlaba

to stab

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hlaba

to stab, to slaughter

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Verb

-hlába

to stab

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-hlaba

(transitive) to pierce, to stick, to stab, to prick
(transitive) to kill, to slaughter (an animal)
(transitive) to cause sharp stabbing pains to
(transitive) to hurt emotionally
(transitive) to do perfectly

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuhlaba
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuhlaba	ukungahlabi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	hlaba	-hlabe
Plural	hlabani	-hlabeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyahlaba, ngihlaba	engihlabayo, engihlaba	ngihlaba	angihlabi	engingahlabi	ngingahlabi
2nd singular	uyahlaba, uhlaba	ohlabayo, ohlaba	uhlaba	awuhlabi	ongahlabi	ungahlabi
1st plural	siyahlaba, sihlaba	esihlabayo, esihlaba	sihlaba	asihlabi	esingahlabi	singahlabi
2nd plural	niyahlaba, nihlaba	enihlabayo, enihlaba	nihlaba	anihlabi	eningahlabi	ningahlabi
Class 1	uyahlaba, uhlaba	ohlabayo, ohlaba	ehlaba	akahlabi	ongahlabi	engahlabi
Class 2	bayahlaba, bahlaba	abahlabayo, abahlaba	behlaba	abahlabi	abangahlabi	bengahlabi
Class 3	uyahlaba, uhlaba	ohlabayo, ohlaba	uhlaba	awuhlabi	ongahlabi	ungahlabi
Class 4	iyahlaba, ihlaba	ehlabayo, ehlaba	ihlaba	ayihlabi	engahlabi	ingahlabi
Class 5	liyahlaba, lihlaba	elihlabayo, elihlaba	lihlaba	alihlabi	elingahlabi	lingahlabi
Class 6	ayahlaba, ahlaba	ahlabayo, ahlaba	ehlaba	awahlabi	angahlabi	engahlabi
Class 7	siyahlaba, sihlaba	esihlabayo, esihlaba	sihlaba	asihlabi	esingahlabi	singahlabi
Class 8	ziyahlaba, zihlaba	ezihlabayo, ezihlaba	zihlaba	azihlabi	ezingahlabi	zingahlabi
Class 9	iyahlaba, ihlaba	ehlabayo, ehlaba	ihlaba	ayihlabi	engahlabi	ingahlabi
Class 10	ziyahlaba, zihlaba	ezihlabayo, ezihlaba	zihlaba	azihlabi	ezingahlabi	zingahlabi
Class 11	luyahlaba, luhlaba	oluhlabayo, oluhlaba	luhlaba	aluhlabi	olungahlabi	lungahlabi
Class 14	buyahlaba, buhlaba	obuhlabayo, obuhlaba	buhlaba	abuhlabi	obungahlabi	bungahlabi
Class 15	kuyahlaba, kuhlaba	okuhlabayo, okuhlaba	kuhlaba	akuhlabi	okungahlabi	kungahlabi
Class 17	kuyahlaba, kuhlaba	okuhlabayo, okuhlaba	kuhlaba	akuhlabi	okungahlabi	kungahlabi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngihlabile, ngihlabē	engihlabile, engihlabē	ngihlabile, ngihlabē	angihlabanga	engingahlabanga	ngingahlabanga
2nd singular	uhlabile, uhlabē	ohlabile, ohlabē	uhlabile, uhlabē	awuhlabanga	ongahlabanga	ungahlabanga
1st plural	sihlabile, sihlabē	esihlabile, esihlabē	sihlabile, sihlabē	asihlabanga	esingahlabanga	singahlabanga
2nd plural	nihlabile, nihlabē	enihlabile, enihlabē	nihlabile, nihlabē	anihlabanga	eningahlabanga	ningahlabanga
Class 1	uhlabile, uhlabē	ohlabile, ohlabē	ehlabile, ehlabē	akahlabanga	ongahlabanga	engahlabanga
Class 2	bahlabile, bahlabē	abahlabile, abahlabē	behlabile, behlabē	abahlabanga	abangahlabanga	bengahlabanga
Class 3	uhlabile, uhlabē	ohlabile, ohlabē	uhlabile, uhlabē	awuhlabanga	ongahlabanga	ungahlabanga
Class 4	ihlabile, ihlabē	ehlabile, ehlabē	ihlabile, ihlabē	ayihlabanga	engahlabanga	ingahlabanga
Class 5	lihlabile, lihlabē	elihlabile, elihlabē	lihlabile, lihlabē	alihlabanga	elingahlabanga	lingahlabanga
Class 6	ahlabile, ahlabē	ahlabile, ahlabē	ehlabile, ehlabē	awahlabanga	angahlabanga	engahlabanga
Class 7	sihlabile, sihlabē	esihlabile, esihlabē	sihlabile, sihlabē	asihlabanga	esingahlabanga	singahlabanga
Class 8	zihlabile, zihlabē	ezihlabile, ezihlabē	zihlabile, zihlabē	azihlabanga	ezingahlabanga	zingahlabanga
Class 9	ihlabile, ihlabē	ehlabile, ehlabē	ihlabile, ihlabē	ayihlabanga	engahlabanga	ingahlabanga
Class 10	zihlabile, zihlabē	ezihlabile, ezihlabē	zihlabile, zihlabē	azihlabanga	ezingahlabanga	zingahlabanga
Class 11	luhlabile, luhlabē	oluhlabile, oluhlabē	luhlabile, luhlabē	aluhlabanga	olungahlabanga	lungahlabanga
Class 14	buhlabile, buhlabē	obuhlabile, obuhlabē	buhlabile, buhlabē	abuhlabanga	obungahlabanga	bungahlabanga
Class 15	kuhlabile, kuhlabē	okuhlabile, okuhlabē	kuhlabile, kuhlabē	akuhlabanga	okungahlabanga	kungahlabanga
Class 17	kuhlabile, kuhlabē	okuhlabile, okuhlabē	kuhlabile, kuhlabē	akuhlabanga	okungahlabanga	kungahlabanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāhlaba	engāhlaba	ngāhlaba	angihlabanga	engingahlabanga	ngingahlabanga
2nd singular	wāhlaba	owāhlaba	wāhlaba	awuhlabanga	ongahlabanga	ungahlabanga
1st plural	sāhlaba	esāhlaba	sāhlaba	asihlabanga	esingahlabanga	singahlabanga
2nd plural	nāhlaba	enāhlaba	nāhlaba	anihlabanga	eningahlabanga	ningahlabanga
Class 1	wāhlaba	owāhlaba	āhlaba	akahlabanga	ongahlabanga	engahlabanga
Class 2	bāhlaba	abāhlaba	bāhlaba	abahlabanga	abangahlabanga	bengahlabanga
Class 3	wāhlaba	owāhlaba	wāhlaba	awuhlabanga	ongahlabanga	ungahlabanga
Class 4	yāhlaba	eyāhlaba	yāhlaba	ayihlabanga	engahlabanga	ingahlabanga
Class 5	lāhlaba	elāhlaba	lāhlaba	alihlabanga	elingahlabanga	lingahlabanga
Class 6	āhlaba	āhlaba	āhlaba	awahlabanga	angahlabanga	engahlabanga
Class 7	sāhlaba	esāhlaba	sāhlaba	asihlabanga	esingahlabanga	singahlabanga
Class 8	zāhlaba	ezāhlaba	zāhlaba	azihlabanga	ezingahlabanga	zingahlabanga
Class 9	yāhlaba	eyāhlaba	yāhlaba	ayihlabanga	engahlabanga	ingahlabanga
Class 10	zāhlaba	ezāhlaba	zāhlaba	azihlabanga	ezingahlabanga	zingahlabanga
Class 11	lwāhlaba	olwāhlaba	lwāhlaba	aluhlabanga	olungahlabanga	lungahlabanga
Class 14	bāhlaba	obāhlaba	bāhlaba	abuhlabanga	obungahlabanga	bungahlabanga
Class 15	kwāhlaba	okwāhlaba	kwāhlaba	akuhlabanga	okungahlabanga	kungahlabanga
Class 17	kwāhlaba	okwāhlaba	kwāhlaba	akuhlabanga	okungahlabanga	kungahlabanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingahlaba	—	ngingahlaba	ngingehlabe	—	ngingehlabe
2nd singular	ungahlaba	—	ungahlaba	ungehlabe	—	ungehlabe
1st plural	singahlaba	—	singahlaba	singehlabe	—	singehlabe
2nd plural	ningahlaba	—	ningahlaba	ningehlabe	—	ningehlabe
Class 1	angahlaba	—	engahlaba	angehlabe	—	engehlabe
Class 2	bangahlaba	—	bengahlaba	bangehlabe	—	bengehlabe
Class 3	ungahlaba	—	ungahlaba	ungehlabe	—	ungehlabe
Class 4	ingahlaba	—	ingahlaba	ingehlabe	—	ingehlabe
Class 5	lingahlaba	—	lingahlaba	lingehlabe	—	lingehlabe
Class 6	angahlaba	—	engahlaba	angehlabe	—	engehlabe
Class 7	singahlaba	—	singahlaba	singehlabe	—	singehlabe
Class 8	zingahlaba	—	zingahlaba	zingehlabe	—	zingehlabe
Class 9	ingahlaba	—	ingahlaba	ingehlabe	—	ingehlabe
Class 10	zingahlaba	—	zingahlaba	zingehlabe	—	zingehlabe
Class 11	lungahlaba	—	lungahlaba	lungehlabe	—	lungehlabe
Class 14	bungahlaba	—	bungahlaba	bungehlabe	—	bungehlabe
Class 15	kungahlaba	—	kungahlaba	kungehlabe	—	kungehlabe
Class 17	kungahlaba	—	kungahlaba	kungehlabe	—	kungehlabe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizohlaba	engizohlaba	ngizohlaba	angizuhlaba	engingezuhlaba	ngingezuhlaba
2nd singular	uzohlaba	ozohlaba	uzohlaba	awuzuhlaba	ongezuhlaba	ungezuhlaba
1st plural	sizohlaba	esizohlaba	sizohlaba	asizuhlaba	esingezuhlaba	singezuhlaba
2nd plural	nizohlaba	enizohlaba	nizohlaba	anizuhlaba	eningezuhlaba	ningezuhlaba
Class 1	uzohlaba	ozohlaba	ezohlaba	akazuhlaba	ongezuhlaba	engezuhlaba
Class 2	bazohlaba	abazohlaba	bezohlaba	abazuhlaba	abangezuhlaba	bengezuhlaba
Class 3	uzohlaba	ozohlaba	uzohlaba	awuzuhlaba	ongezuhlaba	ungezuhlaba
Class 4	izohlaba	ezohlaba	izohlaba	ayizuhlaba	engezuhlaba	ingezuhlaba
Class 5	lizohlaba	elizohlaba	lizohlaba	alizuhlaba	elingezuhlaba	lingezuhlaba
Class 6	azohlaba	azohlaba	ezohlaba	awazuhlaba	angezuhlaba	engezuhlaba
Class 7	sizohlaba	esizohlaba	sizohlaba	asizuhlaba	esingezuhlaba	singezuhlaba
Class 8	zizohlaba	ezizohlaba	zizohlaba	azizuhlaba	ezingezuhlaba	zingezuhlaba
Class 9	izohlaba	ezohlaba	izohlaba	ayizuhlaba	engezuhlaba	ingezuhlaba
Class 10	zizohlaba	ezizohlaba	zizohlaba	azizuhlaba	ezingezuhlaba	zingezuhlaba
Class 11	luzohlaba	oluzohlaba	luzohlaba	aluzuhlaba	olungezuhlaba	lungezuhlaba
Class 14	buzohlaba	obuzohlaba	buzohlaba	abuzuhlaba	obungezuhlaba	bungezuhlaba
Class 15	kuzohlaba	okuzohlaba	kuzohlaba	akuzuhlaba	okungezuhlaba	kungezuhlaba
Class 17	kuzohlaba	okuzohlaba	kuzohlaba	akuzuhlaba	okungezuhlaba	kungezuhlaba
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyohlaba	engiyohlaba	ngiyohlaba	angiyuhlaba	engingeyuhlaba	ngingeyuhlaba
2nd singular	uyohlaba	oyohlaba	uyohlaba	awuyuhlaba	ongeyuhlaba	ungeyuhlaba
1st plural	siyohlaba	esiyohlaba	siyohlaba	asiyuhlaba	esingeyuhlaba	singeyuhlaba
2nd plural	niyohlaba	eniyohlaba	niyohlaba	aniyuhlaba	eningeyuhlaba	ningeyuhlaba
Class 1	uyohlaba	oyohlaba	eyohlaba	akayuhlaba	ongeyuhlaba	engeyuhlaba
Class 2	bayohlaba	abayohlaba	beyohlaba	abayuhlaba	abangeyuhlaba	bengeyuhlaba
Class 3	uyohlaba	oyohlaba	uyohlaba	awuyuhlaba	ongeyuhlaba	ungeyuhlaba
Class 4	iyohlaba	eyohlaba	iyohlaba	ayiyuhlaba	engeyuhlaba	ingeyuhlaba
Class 5	liyohlaba	eliyohlaba	liyohlaba	aliyuhlaba	elingeyuhlaba	lingeyuhlaba
Class 6	ayohlaba	ayohlaba	eyohlaba	awayuhlaba	angeyuhlaba	engeyuhlaba
Class 7	siyohlaba	esiyohlaba	siyohlaba	asiyuhlaba	esingeyuhlaba	singeyuhlaba
Class 8	ziyohlaba	eziyohlaba	ziyohlaba	aziyuhlaba	ezingeyuhlaba	zingeyuhlaba
Class 9	iyohlaba	eyohlaba	iyohlaba	ayiyuhlaba	engeyuhlaba	ingeyuhlaba
Class 10	ziyohlaba	eziyohlaba	ziyohlaba	aziyuhlaba	ezingeyuhlaba	zingeyuhlaba
Class 11	luyohlaba	oluyohlaba	luyohlaba	aluyuhlaba	olungeyuhlaba	lungeyuhlaba
Class 14	buyohlaba	obuyohlaba	buyohlaba	abuyuhlaba	obungeyuhlaba	bungeyuhlaba
Class 15	kuyohlaba	okuyohlaba	kuyohlaba	akuyuhlaba	okungeyuhlaba	kungeyuhlaba
Class 17	kuyohlaba	okuyohlaba	kuyohlaba	akuyuhlaba	okungeyuhlaba	kungeyuhlaba
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngihlabe	ngingahlabi
2nd singular	uhlabe	ungahlabi
1st plural	sihlabe	singahlabi
2nd plural	nihlabe	ningahlabi
Class 1	ahlabe	angahlabi
Class 2	bahlabe	bangahlabi
Class 3	uhlabe	ungahlabi
Class 4	ihlabe	ingahlabi
Class 5	lihlabe	lingahlabi
Class 6	ahlabe	angahlabi
Class 7	sihlabe	singahlabi
Class 8	zihlabe	zingahlabi
Class 9	ihlabe	ingahlabi
Class 10	zihlabe	zingahlabi
Class 11	luhlabe	lungahlabi
Class 14	buhlabe	bungahlabi
Class 15	kuhlabe	kungahlabi
Class 17	kuhlabe	kungahlabi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngahlaba	ngangahlaba, angahlaba, angangahlaba
2nd singular	wahlaba	wangahlaba, awahlaba, awangahlaba
1st plural	sahlaba	sangahlaba, asahlaba, asangahlaba
2nd plural	nahlaba	nangahlaba, anahlaba, anangahlaba
Class 1	wahlaba	wangahlaba, akahlaba, akangahlaba
Class 2	bahlaba	bangahlaba, abahlaba, abangahlaba
Class 3	wahlaba	wangahlaba, awahlaba, awangahlaba
Class 4	yahlaba	yangahlaba, ayahlaba, ayangahlaba
Class 5	lahlaba	langahlaba, alahlaba, alangahlaba
Class 6	ahlaba	angahlaba, awahlaba, awangahlaba
Class 7	sahlaba	sangahlaba, asahlaba, asangahlaba
Class 8	zahlaba	zangahlaba, azahlaba, azangahlaba
Class 9	yahlaba	yangahlaba, ayahlaba, ayangahlaba
Class 10	zahlaba	zangahlaba, azahlaba, azangahlaba
Class 11	lwahlaba	lwangahlaba, alwahlaba, alwangahlaba
Class 14	bahlaba	bangahlaba, abahlaba, abangahlaba
Class 15	kwahlaba	kwangahlaba, akwahlaba, akwangahlaba
Class 17	kwahlaba	kwangahlaba, akwahlaba, akwangahlaba

Derived terms

inhlaba

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlaɓa (6.3)”