gxila

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ᶢǁʱiːla/

Verb

-gxila

1. to stand firm, to stand fast

Inflection

tone L (infinitive ukugxila)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukugxila	ukungagxili
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	gxila	-gxile
plural	gxilani	-gxileni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagxila, ngigxila	engigxilayo, engigxila	ngigxila	angigxili	engingagxili	ngingagxili
2nd singular	uyagxila, ugxila	ogxilayo, ogxila	ugxila	awugxili	ongagxili	ungagxili
1st plural	siyagxila, sigxila	esigxilayo, esigxila	sigxila	asigxili	esingagxili	singagxili
2nd plural	niyagxila, nigxila	enigxilayo, enigxila	nigxila	anigxili	eningagxili	ningagxili
class 1	uyagxila, ugxila	ogxilayo, ogxila	egxila	akagxili	ongagxili	engagxili
class 2	bayagxila, bagxila	abagxilayo, abagxila	begxila	abagxili	abangagxili	bengagxili
class 3	uyagxila, ugxila	ogxilayo, ogxila	ugxila	awugxili	ongagxili	ungagxili
class 4	iyagxila, igxila	egxilayo, egxila	igxila	ayigxili	engagxili	ingagxili
class 5	liyagxila, ligxila	eligxilayo, eligxila	ligxila	aligxili	elingagxili	lingagxili
class 6	ayagxila, agxila	agxilayo, agxila	egxila	awagxili	angagxili	engagxili
class 7	siyagxila, sigxila	esigxilayo, esigxila	sigxila	asigxili	esingagxili	singagxili
class 8	ziyagxila, zigxila	ezigxilayo, ezigxila	zigxila	azigxili	ezingagxili	zingagxili
class 9	iyagxila, igxila	egxilayo, egxila	igxila	ayigxili	engagxili	ingagxili
class 10	ziyagxila, zigxila	ezigxilayo, ezigxila	zigxila	azigxili	ezingagxili	zingagxili
class 11	luyagxila, lugxila	olugxilayo, olugxila	lugxila	alugxili	olungagxili	lungagxili
class 14	buyagxila, bugxila	obugxilayo, obugxila	bugxila	abugxili	obungagxili	bungagxili
class 15	kuyagxila, kugxila	okugxilayo, okugxila	kugxila	akugxili	okungagxili	kungagxili
class 17	kuyagxila, kugxila	okugxilayo, okugxila	kugxila	akugxili	okungagxili	kungagxili
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngigxilile, ngigxilē	engigxilile, engigxilē	ngigxilile, ngigxilē	angigxilanga	engingagxilanga	ngingagxilanga
2nd singular	ugxilile, ugxilē	ogxilile, ogxilē	ugxilile, ugxilē	awugxilanga	ongagxilanga	ungagxilanga
1st plural	sigxilile, sigxilē	esigxilile, esigxilē	sigxilile, sigxilē	asigxilanga	esingagxilanga	singagxilanga
2nd plural	nigxilile, nigxilē	enigxilile, enigxilē	nigxilile, nigxilē	anigxilanga	eningagxilanga	ningagxilanga
class 1	ugxilile, ugxilē	ogxilile, ogxilē	egxilile, egxilē	akagxilanga	ongagxilanga	engagxilanga
class 2	bagxilile, bagxilē	abagxilile, abagxilē	begxilile, begxilē	abagxilanga	abangagxilanga	bengagxilanga
class 3	ugxilile, ugxilē	ogxilile, ogxilē	ugxilile, ugxilē	awugxilanga	ongagxilanga	ungagxilanga
class 4	igxilile, igxilē	egxilile, egxilē	igxilile, igxilē	ayigxilanga	engagxilanga	ingagxilanga
class 5	ligxilile, ligxilē	eligxilile, eligxilē	ligxilile, ligxilē	aligxilanga	elingagxilanga	lingagxilanga
class 6	agxilile, agxilē	agxilile, agxilē	egxilile, egxilē	awagxilanga	angagxilanga	engagxilanga
class 7	sigxilile, sigxilē	esigxilile, esigxilē	sigxilile, sigxilē	asigxilanga	esingagxilanga	singagxilanga
class 8	zigxilile, zigxilē	ezigxilile, ezigxilē	zigxilile, zigxilē	azigxilanga	ezingagxilanga	zingagxilanga
class 9	igxilile, igxilē	egxilile, egxilē	igxilile, igxilē	ayigxilanga	engagxilanga	ingagxilanga
class 10	zigxilile, zigxilē	ezigxilile, ezigxilē	zigxilile, zigxilē	azigxilanga	ezingagxilanga	zingagxilanga
class 11	lugxilile, lugxilē	olugxilile, olugxilē	lugxilile, lugxilē	alugxilanga	olungagxilanga	lungagxilanga
class 14	bugxilile, bugxilē	obugxilile, obugxilē	bugxilile, bugxilē	abugxilanga	obungagxilanga	bungagxilanga
class 15	kugxilile, kugxilē	okugxilile, okugxilē	kugxilile, kugxilē	akugxilanga	okungagxilanga	kungagxilanga
class 17	kugxilile, kugxilē	okugxilile, okugxilē	kugxilile, kugxilē	akugxilanga	okungagxilanga	kungagxilanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngāgxila	engāgxila	ngāgxila	angigxilanga	engingagxilanga	ngingagxilanga
2nd singular	wāgxila	owāgxila	wāgxila	awugxilanga	ongagxilanga	ungagxilanga
1st plural	sāgxila	esāgxila	sāgxila	asigxilanga	esingagxilanga	singagxilanga
2nd plural	nāgxila	enāgxila	nāgxila	anigxilanga	eningagxilanga	ningagxilanga
class 1	wāgxila	owāgxila	āgxila	akagxilanga	ongagxilanga	engagxilanga
class 2	bāgxila	abāgxila	bāgxila	abagxilanga	abangagxilanga	bengagxilanga
class 3	wāgxila	owāgxila	wāgxila	awugxilanga	ongagxilanga	ungagxilanga
class 4	yāgxila	eyāgxila	yāgxila	ayigxilanga	engagxilanga	ingagxilanga
class 5	lāgxila	elāgxila	lāgxila	aligxilanga	elingagxilanga	lingagxilanga
class 6	āgxila	āgxila	āgxila	awagxilanga	angagxilanga	engagxilanga
class 7	sāgxila	esāgxila	sāgxila	asigxilanga	esingagxilanga	singagxilanga
class 8	zāgxila	ezāgxila	zāgxila	azigxilanga	ezingagxilanga	zingagxilanga
class 9	yāgxila	eyāgxila	yāgxila	ayigxilanga	engagxilanga	ingagxilanga
class 10	zāgxila	ezāgxila	zāgxila	azigxilanga	ezingagxilanga	zingagxilanga
class 11	lwāgxila	olwāgxila	lwāgxila	alugxilanga	olungagxilanga	lungagxilanga
class 14	bāgxila	obāgxila	bāgxila	abugxilanga	obungagxilanga	bungagxilanga
class 15	kwāgxila	okwāgxila	kwāgxila	akugxilanga	okungagxilanga	kungagxilanga
class 17	kwāgxila	okwāgxila	kwāgxila	akugxilanga	okungagxilanga	kungagxilanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingagxila	—	ngingagxila	ngingegxile	—	ngingegxile
2nd singular	ungagxila	—	ungagxila	ungegxile	—	ungegxile
1st plural	singagxila	—	singagxila	singegxile	—	singegxile
2nd plural	ningagxila	—	ningagxila	ningegxile	—	ningegxile
class 1	angagxila	—	engagxila	angegxile	—	engegxile
class 2	bangagxila	—	bengagxila	bangegxile	—	bengegxile
class 3	ungagxila	—	ungagxila	ungegxile	—	ungegxile
class 4	ingagxila	—	ingagxila	ingegxile	—	ingegxile
class 5	lingagxila	—	lingagxila	lingegxile	—	lingegxile
class 6	angagxila	—	engagxila	angegxile	—	engegxile
class 7	singagxila	—	singagxila	singegxile	—	singegxile
class 8	zingagxila	—	zingagxila	zingegxile	—	zingegxile
class 9	ingagxila	—	ingagxila	ingegxile	—	ingegxile
class 10	zingagxila	—	zingagxila	zingegxile	—	zingegxile
class 11	lungagxila	—	lungagxila	lungegxile	—	lungegxile
class 14	bungagxila	—	bungagxila	bungegxile	—	bungegxile
class 15	kungagxila	—	kungagxila	kungegxile	—	kungegxile
class 17	kungagxila	—	kungagxila	kungegxile	—	kungegxile
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizogxila	engizogxila	ngizogxila	angizugxila	engingezugxila	ngingezugxila
2nd singular	uzogxila	ozogxila	uzogxila	awuzugxila	ongezugxila	ungezugxila
1st plural	sizogxila	esizogxila	sizogxila	asizugxila	esingezugxila	singezugxila
2nd plural	nizogxila	enizogxila	nizogxila	anizugxila	eningezugxila	ningezugxila
class 1	uzogxila	ozogxila	ezogxila	akazugxila	ongezugxila	engezugxila
class 2	bazogxila	abazogxila	bezogxila	abazugxila	abangezugxila	bengezugxila
class 3	uzogxila	ozogxila	uzogxila	awuzugxila	ongezugxila	ungezugxila
class 4	izogxila	ezogxila	izogxila	ayizugxila	engezugxila	ingezugxila
class 5	lizogxila	elizogxila	lizogxila	alizugxila	elingezugxila	lingezugxila
class 6	azogxila	azogxila	ezogxila	awazugxila	angezugxila	engezugxila
class 7	sizogxila	esizogxila	sizogxila	asizugxila	esingezugxila	singezugxila
class 8	zizogxila	ezizogxila	zizogxila	azizugxila	ezingezugxila	zingezugxila
class 9	izogxila	ezogxila	izogxila	ayizugxila	engezugxila	ingezugxila
class 10	zizogxila	ezizogxila	zizogxila	azizugxila	ezingezugxila	zingezugxila
class 11	luzogxila	oluzogxila	luzogxila	aluzugxila	olungezugxila	lungezugxila
class 14	buzogxila	obuzogxila	buzogxila	abuzugxila	obungezugxila	bungezugxila
class 15	kuzogxila	okuzogxila	kuzogxila	akuzugxila	okungezugxila	kungezugxila
class 17	kuzogxila	okuzogxila	kuzogxila	akuzugxila	okungezugxila	kungezugxila
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogxila	engiyogxila	ngiyogxila	angiyugxila	engingeyugxila	ngingeyugxila
2nd singular	uyogxila	oyogxila	uyogxila	awuyugxila	ongeyugxila	ungeyugxila
1st plural	siyogxila	esiyogxila	siyogxila	asiyugxila	esingeyugxila	singeyugxila
2nd plural	niyogxila	eniyogxila	niyogxila	aniyugxila	eningeyugxila	ningeyugxila
class 1	uyogxila	oyogxila	eyogxila	akayugxila	ongeyugxila	engeyugxila
class 2	bayogxila	abayogxila	beyogxila	abayugxila	abangeyugxila	bengeyugxila
class 3	uyogxila	oyogxila	uyogxila	awuyugxila	ongeyugxila	ungeyugxila
class 4	iyogxila	eyogxila	iyogxila	ayiyugxila	engeyugxila	ingeyugxila
class 5	liyogxila	eliyogxila	liyogxila	aliyugxila	elingeyugxila	lingeyugxila
class 6	ayogxila	ayogxila	eyogxila	awayugxila	angeyugxila	engeyugxila
class 7	siyogxila	esiyogxila	siyogxila	asiyugxila	esingeyugxila	singeyugxila
class 8	ziyogxila	eziyogxila	ziyogxila	aziyugxila	ezingeyugxila	zingeyugxila
class 9	iyogxila	eyogxila	iyogxila	ayiyugxila	engeyugxila	ingeyugxila
class 10	ziyogxila	eziyogxila	ziyogxila	aziyugxila	ezingeyugxila	zingeyugxila
class 11	luyogxila	oluyogxila	luyogxila	aluyugxila	olungeyugxila	lungeyugxila
class 14	buyogxila	obuyogxila	buyogxila	abuyugxila	obungeyugxila	bungeyugxila
class 15	kuyogxila	okuyogxila	kuyogxila	akuyugxila	okungeyugxila	kungeyugxila
class 17	kuyogxila	okuyogxila	kuyogxila	akuyugxila	okungeyugxila	kungeyugxila
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngigxile	ngingagxili
2nd singular	ugxile	ungagxili
1st plural	sigxile	singagxili
2nd plural	nigxile	ningagxili
class 1	agxile	angagxili
class 2	bagxile	bangagxili
class 3	ugxile	ungagxili
class 4	igxile	ingagxili
class 5	ligxile	lingagxili
class 6	agxile	angagxili
class 7	sigxile	singagxili
class 8	zigxile	zingagxili
class 9	igxile	ingagxili
class 10	zigxile	zingagxili
class 11	lugxile	lungagxili
class 14	bugxile	bungagxili
class 15	kugxile	kungagxili
class 17	kugxile	kungagxili
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngagxila	ngangagxila, angagxila, angangagxila
2nd singular	wagxila	wangagxila, awagxila, awangagxila
1st plural	sagxila	sangagxila, asagxila, asangagxila
2nd plural	nagxila	nangagxila, anagxila, anangagxila
class 1	wagxila	wangagxila, akagxila, akangagxila
class 2	bagxila	bangagxila, abagxila, abangagxila
class 3	wagxila	wangagxila, awagxila, awangagxila
class 4	yagxila	yangagxila, ayagxila, ayangagxila
class 5	lagxila	langagxila, alagxila, alangagxila
class 6	agxila	angagxila, awagxila, awangagxila
class 7	sagxila	sangagxila, asagxila, asangagxila
class 8	zagxila	zangagxila, azagxila, azangagxila
class 9	yagxila	yangagxila, ayagxila, ayangagxila
class 10	zagxila	zangagxila, azagxila, azangagxila
class 11	lwagxila	lwangagxila, alwagxila, alwangagxila
class 14	bagxila	bangagxila, abagxila, abangagxila
class 15	kwagxila	kwangagxila, akwagxila, akwangagxila
class 17	kwagxila	kwangagxila, akwagxila, akwangagxila

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gxila”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gxila (6.3)”