gwrthwynebu

Welsh

Etymology

gwrthwyneb (“opposed to”) +‎ -u, from gwrth- (“contra-”) +‎ wyneb (“face”)

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌɡʊrθwɨ̞ˈnɛbɨ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌɡʊrθwɪˈneːbi/, /ˌɡʊrθwɪˈnɛbi/

Verb

gwrthwynebu (first-person singular present gwrthwynebaf)

1. to oppose

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	gwrthwynebaf	gwrthwynebi	gwrthwyneba	gwrthwynebwn	gwrthwynebwch	gwrthwynebant	gwrthwynebir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	gwrthwynebwn	gwrthwynebit	gwrthwynebai	gwrthwynebem	gwrthwynebech	gwrthwynebent	gwrthwynebid
preterite	gwrthwynebais	gwrthwynebaist	gwrthwynebodd	gwrthwynebasom	gwrthwynebasoch	gwrthwynebasant	gwrthwynebwyd
pluperfect	gwrthwynebaswn	gwrthwynebasit	gwrthwynebasai	gwrthwynebasem	gwrthwynebasech	gwrthwynebasent	gwrthwynebasid, gwrthwynebesid
present subjunctive	gwrthwynebwyf	gwrthwynebych	gwrthwynebo	gwrthwynebom	gwrthwyneboch	gwrthwynebont	gwrthwyneber
imperative	—	gwrthwyneba	gwrthwynebed	gwrthwynebwn	gwrthwynebwch	gwrthwynebent	gwrthwyneber
verbal noun	gwrthwynebu
verbal adjectives	gwrthwynebedig gwrthwynebadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gwrthwyneba i, gwrthwynebaf i	gwrthwynebi di	gwrthwynebith o/e/hi, gwrthwynebiff e/hi	gwrthwynebwn ni	gwrthwynebwch chi	gwrthwyneban nhw
conditional	gwrthwynebwn i, gwrthwynebswn i	gwrthwynebet ti, gwrthwynebset ti	gwrthwynebai fo/fe/hi, gwrthwynebsai fo/fe/hi	gwrthwyneben ni, gwrthwynebsen ni	gwrthwynebech chi, gwrthwynebsech chi	gwrthwyneben nhw, gwrthwynebsen nhw
preterite	gwrthwynebais i, gwrthwynebes i	gwrthwynebaist ti, gwrthwynebest ti	gwrthwynebodd o/e/hi	gwrthwynebon ni	gwrthwyneboch chi	gwrthwynebon nhw
imperative	—	gwrthwyneba	—	—	gwrthwynebwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• gwrthwynebiad (“opposition”)
• gwrthwynebydd (“opposer”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of gwrthwynebu

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gwrthwynebu	wrthwynebu	ngwrthwynebu	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrthwynebu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies