gwavuma

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɡwavuːma/

Verb

-gwavuma

(intransitive) to growl
(intransitive) to complain

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukugwavuma
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugwavuma	ukungagwavumi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gwavuma	-gwavume
Plural	gwavumani	-gwavumeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagwavuma, ngigwavuma	engigwavumayo, engigwavuma	ngigwavuma	angigwavumi	engingagwavumi	ngingagwavumi
2nd singular	uyagwavuma, ugwavuma	ogwavumayo, ogwavuma	ugwavuma	awugwavumi	ongagwavumi	ungagwavumi
1st plural	siyagwavuma, sigwavuma	esigwavumayo, esigwavuma	sigwavuma	asigwavumi	esingagwavumi	singagwavumi
2nd plural	niyagwavuma, nigwavuma	enigwavumayo, enigwavuma	nigwavuma	anigwavumi	eningagwavumi	ningagwavumi
Class 1	uyagwavuma, ugwavuma	ogwavumayo, ogwavuma	egwavuma	akagwavumi	ongagwavumi	engagwavumi
Class 2	bayagwavuma, bagwavuma	abagwavumayo, abagwavuma	begwavuma	abagwavumi	abangagwavumi	bengagwavumi
Class 3	uyagwavuma, ugwavuma	ogwavumayo, ogwavuma	ugwavuma	awugwavumi	ongagwavumi	ungagwavumi
Class 4	iyagwavuma, igwavuma	egwavumayo, egwavuma	igwavuma	ayigwavumi	engagwavumi	ingagwavumi
Class 5	liyagwavuma, ligwavuma	eligwavumayo, eligwavuma	ligwavuma	aligwavumi	elingagwavumi	lingagwavumi
Class 6	ayagwavuma, agwavuma	agwavumayo, agwavuma	egwavuma	awagwavumi	angagwavumi	engagwavumi
Class 7	siyagwavuma, sigwavuma	esigwavumayo, esigwavuma	sigwavuma	asigwavumi	esingagwavumi	singagwavumi
Class 8	ziyagwavuma, zigwavuma	ezigwavumayo, ezigwavuma	zigwavuma	azigwavumi	ezingagwavumi	zingagwavumi
Class 9	iyagwavuma, igwavuma	egwavumayo, egwavuma	igwavuma	ayigwavumi	engagwavumi	ingagwavumi
Class 10	ziyagwavuma, zigwavuma	ezigwavumayo, ezigwavuma	zigwavuma	azigwavumi	ezingagwavumi	zingagwavumi
Class 11	luyagwavuma, lugwavuma	olugwavumayo, olugwavuma	lugwavuma	alugwavumi	olungagwavumi	lungagwavumi
Class 14	buyagwavuma, bugwavuma	obugwavumayo, obugwavuma	bugwavuma	abugwavumi	obungagwavumi	bungagwavumi
Class 15	kuyagwavuma, kugwavuma	okugwavumayo, okugwavuma	kugwavuma	akugwavumi	okungagwavumi	kungagwavumi
Class 17	kuyagwavuma, kugwavuma	okugwavumayo, okugwavuma	kugwavuma	akugwavumi	okungagwavumi	kungagwavumi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigwavumile, ngigwavumē	engigwavumile, engigwavumē	ngigwavumile, ngigwavumē	angigwavumanga	engingagwavumanga	ngingagwavumanga
2nd singular	ugwavumile, ugwavumē	ogwavumile, ogwavumē	ugwavumile, ugwavumē	awugwavumanga	ongagwavumanga	ungagwavumanga
1st plural	sigwavumile, sigwavumē	esigwavumile, esigwavumē	sigwavumile, sigwavumē	asigwavumanga	esingagwavumanga	singagwavumanga
2nd plural	nigwavumile, nigwavumē	enigwavumile, enigwavumē	nigwavumile, nigwavumē	anigwavumanga	eningagwavumanga	ningagwavumanga
Class 1	ugwavumile, ugwavumē	ogwavumile, ogwavumē	egwavumile, egwavumē	akagwavumanga	ongagwavumanga	engagwavumanga
Class 2	bagwavumile, bagwavumē	abagwavumile, abagwavumē	begwavumile, begwavumē	abagwavumanga	abangagwavumanga	bengagwavumanga
Class 3	ugwavumile, ugwavumē	ogwavumile, ogwavumē	ugwavumile, ugwavumē	awugwavumanga	ongagwavumanga	ungagwavumanga
Class 4	igwavumile, igwavumē	egwavumile, egwavumē	igwavumile, igwavumē	ayigwavumanga	engagwavumanga	ingagwavumanga
Class 5	ligwavumile, ligwavumē	eligwavumile, eligwavumē	ligwavumile, ligwavumē	aligwavumanga	elingagwavumanga	lingagwavumanga
Class 6	agwavumile, agwavumē	agwavumile, agwavumē	egwavumile, egwavumē	awagwavumanga	angagwavumanga	engagwavumanga
Class 7	sigwavumile, sigwavumē	esigwavumile, esigwavumē	sigwavumile, sigwavumē	asigwavumanga	esingagwavumanga	singagwavumanga
Class 8	zigwavumile, zigwavumē	ezigwavumile, ezigwavumē	zigwavumile, zigwavumē	azigwavumanga	ezingagwavumanga	zingagwavumanga
Class 9	igwavumile, igwavumē	egwavumile, egwavumē	igwavumile, igwavumē	ayigwavumanga	engagwavumanga	ingagwavumanga
Class 10	zigwavumile, zigwavumē	ezigwavumile, ezigwavumē	zigwavumile, zigwavumē	azigwavumanga	ezingagwavumanga	zingagwavumanga
Class 11	lugwavumile, lugwavumē	olugwavumile, olugwavumē	lugwavumile, lugwavumē	alugwavumanga	olungagwavumanga	lungagwavumanga
Class 14	bugwavumile, bugwavumē	obugwavumile, obugwavumē	bugwavumile, bugwavumē	abugwavumanga	obungagwavumanga	bungagwavumanga
Class 15	kugwavumile, kugwavumē	okugwavumile, okugwavumē	kugwavumile, kugwavumē	akugwavumanga	okungagwavumanga	kungagwavumanga
Class 17	kugwavumile, kugwavumē	okugwavumile, okugwavumē	kugwavumile, kugwavumē	akugwavumanga	okungagwavumanga	kungagwavumanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgwavuma	engāgwavuma	ngāgwavuma	angigwavumanga	engingagwavumanga	ngingagwavumanga
2nd singular	wāgwavuma	owāgwavuma	wāgwavuma	awugwavumanga	ongagwavumanga	ungagwavumanga
1st plural	sāgwavuma	esāgwavuma	sāgwavuma	asigwavumanga	esingagwavumanga	singagwavumanga
2nd plural	nāgwavuma	enāgwavuma	nāgwavuma	anigwavumanga	eningagwavumanga	ningagwavumanga
Class 1	wāgwavuma	owāgwavuma	āgwavuma	akagwavumanga	ongagwavumanga	engagwavumanga
Class 2	bāgwavuma	abāgwavuma	bāgwavuma	abagwavumanga	abangagwavumanga	bengagwavumanga
Class 3	wāgwavuma	owāgwavuma	wāgwavuma	awugwavumanga	ongagwavumanga	ungagwavumanga
Class 4	yāgwavuma	eyāgwavuma	yāgwavuma	ayigwavumanga	engagwavumanga	ingagwavumanga
Class 5	lāgwavuma	elāgwavuma	lāgwavuma	aligwavumanga	elingagwavumanga	lingagwavumanga
Class 6	āgwavuma	āgwavuma	āgwavuma	awagwavumanga	angagwavumanga	engagwavumanga
Class 7	sāgwavuma	esāgwavuma	sāgwavuma	asigwavumanga	esingagwavumanga	singagwavumanga
Class 8	zāgwavuma	ezāgwavuma	zāgwavuma	azigwavumanga	ezingagwavumanga	zingagwavumanga
Class 9	yāgwavuma	eyāgwavuma	yāgwavuma	ayigwavumanga	engagwavumanga	ingagwavumanga
Class 10	zāgwavuma	ezāgwavuma	zāgwavuma	azigwavumanga	ezingagwavumanga	zingagwavumanga
Class 11	lwāgwavuma	olwāgwavuma	lwāgwavuma	alugwavumanga	olungagwavumanga	lungagwavumanga
Class 14	bāgwavuma	obāgwavuma	bāgwavuma	abugwavumanga	obungagwavumanga	bungagwavumanga
Class 15	kwāgwavuma	okwāgwavuma	kwāgwavuma	akugwavumanga	okungagwavumanga	kungagwavumanga
Class 17	kwāgwavuma	okwāgwavuma	kwāgwavuma	akugwavumanga	okungagwavumanga	kungagwavumanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagwavuma	—	ngingagwavuma	ngingegwavume	—	ngingegwavume
2nd singular	ungagwavuma	—	ungagwavuma	ungegwavume	—	ungegwavume
1st plural	singagwavuma	—	singagwavuma	singegwavume	—	singegwavume
2nd plural	ningagwavuma	—	ningagwavuma	ningegwavume	—	ningegwavume
Class 1	angagwavuma	—	engagwavuma	angegwavume	—	engegwavume
Class 2	bangagwavuma	—	bengagwavuma	bangegwavume	—	bengegwavume
Class 3	ungagwavuma	—	ungagwavuma	ungegwavume	—	ungegwavume
Class 4	ingagwavuma	—	ingagwavuma	ingegwavume	—	ingegwavume
Class 5	lingagwavuma	—	lingagwavuma	lingegwavume	—	lingegwavume
Class 6	angagwavuma	—	engagwavuma	angegwavume	—	engegwavume
Class 7	singagwavuma	—	singagwavuma	singegwavume	—	singegwavume
Class 8	zingagwavuma	—	zingagwavuma	zingegwavume	—	zingegwavume
Class 9	ingagwavuma	—	ingagwavuma	ingegwavume	—	ingegwavume
Class 10	zingagwavuma	—	zingagwavuma	zingegwavume	—	zingegwavume
Class 11	lungagwavuma	—	lungagwavuma	lungegwavume	—	lungegwavume
Class 14	bungagwavuma	—	bungagwavuma	bungegwavume	—	bungegwavume
Class 15	kungagwavuma	—	kungagwavuma	kungegwavume	—	kungegwavume
Class 17	kungagwavuma	—	kungagwavuma	kungegwavume	—	kungegwavume
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogwavuma	engizogwavuma	ngizogwavuma	angizugwavuma	engingezugwavuma	ngingezugwavuma
2nd singular	uzogwavuma	ozogwavuma	uzogwavuma	awuzugwavuma	ongezugwavuma	ungezugwavuma
1st plural	sizogwavuma	esizogwavuma	sizogwavuma	asizugwavuma	esingezugwavuma	singezugwavuma
2nd plural	nizogwavuma	enizogwavuma	nizogwavuma	anizugwavuma	eningezugwavuma	ningezugwavuma
Class 1	uzogwavuma	ozogwavuma	ezogwavuma	akazugwavuma	ongezugwavuma	engezugwavuma
Class 2	bazogwavuma	abazogwavuma	bezogwavuma	abazugwavuma	abangezugwavuma	bengezugwavuma
Class 3	uzogwavuma	ozogwavuma	uzogwavuma	awuzugwavuma	ongezugwavuma	ungezugwavuma
Class 4	izogwavuma	ezogwavuma	izogwavuma	ayizugwavuma	engezugwavuma	ingezugwavuma
Class 5	lizogwavuma	elizogwavuma	lizogwavuma	alizugwavuma	elingezugwavuma	lingezugwavuma
Class 6	azogwavuma	azogwavuma	ezogwavuma	awazugwavuma	angezugwavuma	engezugwavuma
Class 7	sizogwavuma	esizogwavuma	sizogwavuma	asizugwavuma	esingezugwavuma	singezugwavuma
Class 8	zizogwavuma	ezizogwavuma	zizogwavuma	azizugwavuma	ezingezugwavuma	zingezugwavuma
Class 9	izogwavuma	ezogwavuma	izogwavuma	ayizugwavuma	engezugwavuma	ingezugwavuma
Class 10	zizogwavuma	ezizogwavuma	zizogwavuma	azizugwavuma	ezingezugwavuma	zingezugwavuma
Class 11	luzogwavuma	oluzogwavuma	luzogwavuma	aluzugwavuma	olungezugwavuma	lungezugwavuma
Class 14	buzogwavuma	obuzogwavuma	buzogwavuma	abuzugwavuma	obungezugwavuma	bungezugwavuma
Class 15	kuzogwavuma	okuzogwavuma	kuzogwavuma	akuzugwavuma	okungezugwavuma	kungezugwavuma
Class 17	kuzogwavuma	okuzogwavuma	kuzogwavuma	akuzugwavuma	okungezugwavuma	kungezugwavuma
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogwavuma	engiyogwavuma	ngiyogwavuma	angiyugwavuma	engingeyugwavuma	ngingeyugwavuma
2nd singular	uyogwavuma	oyogwavuma	uyogwavuma	awuyugwavuma	ongeyugwavuma	ungeyugwavuma
1st plural	siyogwavuma	esiyogwavuma	siyogwavuma	asiyugwavuma	esingeyugwavuma	singeyugwavuma
2nd plural	niyogwavuma	eniyogwavuma	niyogwavuma	aniyugwavuma	eningeyugwavuma	ningeyugwavuma
Class 1	uyogwavuma	oyogwavuma	eyogwavuma	akayugwavuma	ongeyugwavuma	engeyugwavuma
Class 2	bayogwavuma	abayogwavuma	beyogwavuma	abayugwavuma	abangeyugwavuma	bengeyugwavuma
Class 3	uyogwavuma	oyogwavuma	uyogwavuma	awuyugwavuma	ongeyugwavuma	ungeyugwavuma
Class 4	iyogwavuma	eyogwavuma	iyogwavuma	ayiyugwavuma	engeyugwavuma	ingeyugwavuma
Class 5	liyogwavuma	eliyogwavuma	liyogwavuma	aliyugwavuma	elingeyugwavuma	lingeyugwavuma
Class 6	ayogwavuma	ayogwavuma	eyogwavuma	awayugwavuma	angeyugwavuma	engeyugwavuma
Class 7	siyogwavuma	esiyogwavuma	siyogwavuma	asiyugwavuma	esingeyugwavuma	singeyugwavuma
Class 8	ziyogwavuma	eziyogwavuma	ziyogwavuma	aziyugwavuma	ezingeyugwavuma	zingeyugwavuma
Class 9	iyogwavuma	eyogwavuma	iyogwavuma	ayiyugwavuma	engeyugwavuma	ingeyugwavuma
Class 10	ziyogwavuma	eziyogwavuma	ziyogwavuma	aziyugwavuma	ezingeyugwavuma	zingeyugwavuma
Class 11	luyogwavuma	oluyogwavuma	luyogwavuma	aluyugwavuma	olungeyugwavuma	lungeyugwavuma
Class 14	buyogwavuma	obuyogwavuma	buyogwavuma	abuyugwavuma	obungeyugwavuma	bungeyugwavuma
Class 15	kuyogwavuma	okuyogwavuma	kuyogwavuma	akuyugwavuma	okungeyugwavuma	kungeyugwavuma
Class 17	kuyogwavuma	okuyogwavuma	kuyogwavuma	akuyugwavuma	okungeyugwavuma	kungeyugwavuma
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigwavume	ngingagwavumi
2nd singular	ugwavume	ungagwavumi
1st plural	sigwavume	singagwavumi
2nd plural	nigwavume	ningagwavumi
Class 1	agwavume	angagwavumi
Class 2	bagwavume	bangagwavumi
Class 3	ugwavume	ungagwavumi
Class 4	igwavume	ingagwavumi
Class 5	ligwavume	lingagwavumi
Class 6	agwavume	angagwavumi
Class 7	sigwavume	singagwavumi
Class 8	zigwavume	zingagwavumi
Class 9	igwavume	ingagwavumi
Class 10	zigwavume	zingagwavumi
Class 11	lugwavume	lungagwavumi
Class 14	bugwavume	bungagwavumi
Class 15	kugwavume	kungagwavumi
Class 17	kugwavume	kungagwavumi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagwavuma	ngangagwavuma, angagwavuma, angangagwavuma
2nd singular	wagwavuma	wangagwavuma, awagwavuma, awangagwavuma
1st plural	sagwavuma	sangagwavuma, asagwavuma, asangagwavuma
2nd plural	nagwavuma	nangagwavuma, anagwavuma, anangagwavuma
Class 1	wagwavuma	wangagwavuma, akagwavuma, akangagwavuma
Class 2	bagwavuma	bangagwavuma, abagwavuma, abangagwavuma
Class 3	wagwavuma	wangagwavuma, awagwavuma, awangagwavuma
Class 4	yagwavuma	yangagwavuma, ayagwavuma, ayangagwavuma
Class 5	lagwavuma	langagwavuma, alagwavuma, alangagwavuma
Class 6	agwavuma	angagwavuma, awagwavuma, awangagwavuma
Class 7	sagwavuma	sangagwavuma, asagwavuma, asangagwavuma
Class 8	zagwavuma	zangagwavuma, azagwavuma, azangagwavuma
Class 9	yagwavuma	yangagwavuma, ayagwavuma, ayangagwavuma
Class 10	zagwavuma	zangagwavuma, azagwavuma, azangagwavuma
Class 11	lwagwavuma	lwangagwavuma, alwagwavuma, alwangagwavuma
Class 14	bagwavuma	bangagwavuma, abagwavuma, abangagwavuma
Class 15	kwagwavuma	kwangagwavuma, akwagwavuma, akwangagwavuma
Class 17	kwagwavuma	kwangagwavuma, akwagwavuma, akwangagwavuma

Derived terms

ingwavuma

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gwavuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gwavuma (3.2.9)”