gsꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛsɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: gesa

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to tilt

Inflection

Conjugation of gsꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: gsꜣ, geminated stem: gsꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural gsꜣ gsꜣw, gsꜣ gsꜣt gsꜣ gsꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 gsꜣ ḥr gsꜣ m gsꜣ r gsꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect gsꜣ.n consecutive gsꜣ.jn terminative gsꜣt perfective3 gsꜣ obligative1 gsꜣ.ḫr imperfective gsꜣ prospective3 gsꜣ potentialis1 gsꜣ.kꜣ subjunctive gsꜣ verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect gsꜣ.n — — perfective gsꜣ gsꜣ gsꜣ, gsꜣw5, gsꜣy5 imperfective gsꜣ, gsꜣy, gsꜣw5 gsꜣ, gsꜣj6, gsꜣy6 gsꜣ, gsꜣw5 prospective gsꜣ, gsꜣtj7 gsꜣtj4, gsꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 284.