gqiba

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡ̊ǃi̤ːɓa]

Verb

-gqiba

1. to complete
2. to decide

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gqiba^?

1. (transitive) to fill (a hole), to cover over
2. (transitive) to bury
3. (transitive) to finish, to complete
4. (transitive) to bribe

Inflection

Tone unknown
Infinitive	ukugqiba
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugqiba	ukungagqibi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gqiba	-gqibe
Plural	gqibani	-gqibeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagqiba, ngigqiba	engigqibayo, engigqiba	ngigqiba	angigqibi	engingagqibi	ngingagqibi
2nd singular	uyagqiba, ugqiba	ogqibayo, ogqiba	ugqiba	awugqibi	ongagqibi	ungagqibi
1st plural	siyagqiba, sigqiba	esigqibayo, esigqiba	sigqiba	asigqibi	esingagqibi	singagqibi
2nd plural	niyagqiba, nigqiba	enigqibayo, enigqiba	nigqiba	anigqibi	eningagqibi	ningagqibi
Class 1	uyagqiba, ugqiba	ogqibayo, ogqiba	egqiba	akagqibi	ongagqibi	engagqibi
Class 2	bayagqiba, bagqiba	abagqibayo, abagqiba	begqiba	abagqibi	abangagqibi	bengagqibi
Class 3	uyagqiba, ugqiba	ogqibayo, ogqiba	ugqiba	awugqibi	ongagqibi	ungagqibi
Class 4	iyagqiba, igqiba	egqibayo, egqiba	igqiba	ayigqibi	engagqibi	ingagqibi
Class 5	liyagqiba, ligqiba	eligqibayo, eligqiba	ligqiba	aligqibi	elingagqibi	lingagqibi
Class 6	ayagqiba, agqiba	agqibayo, agqiba	egqiba	awagqibi	angagqibi	engagqibi
Class 7	siyagqiba, sigqiba	esigqibayo, esigqiba	sigqiba	asigqibi	esingagqibi	singagqibi
Class 8	ziyagqiba, zigqiba	ezigqibayo, ezigqiba	zigqiba	azigqibi	ezingagqibi	zingagqibi
Class 9	iyagqiba, igqiba	egqibayo, egqiba	igqiba	ayigqibi	engagqibi	ingagqibi
Class 10	ziyagqiba, zigqiba	ezigqibayo, ezigqiba	zigqiba	azigqibi	ezingagqibi	zingagqibi
Class 11	luyagqiba, lugqiba	olugqibayo, olugqiba	lugqiba	alugqibi	olungagqibi	lungagqibi
Class 14	buyagqiba, bugqiba	obugqibayo, obugqiba	bugqiba	abugqibi	obungagqibi	bungagqibi
Class 15	kuyagqiba, kugqiba	okugqibayo, okugqiba	kugqiba	akugqibi	okungagqibi	kungagqibi
Class 17	kuyagqiba, kugqiba	okugqibayo, okugqiba	kugqiba	akugqibi	okungagqibi	kungagqibi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigqibile, ngigqibē	engigqibile, engigqibē	ngigqibile, ngigqibē	angigqibanga	engingagqibanga	ngingagqibanga
2nd singular	ugqibile, ugqibē	ogqibile, ogqibē	ugqibile, ugqibē	awugqibanga	ongagqibanga	ungagqibanga
1st plural	sigqibile, sigqibē	esigqibile, esigqibē	sigqibile, sigqibē	asigqibanga	esingagqibanga	singagqibanga
2nd plural	nigqibile, nigqibē	enigqibile, enigqibē	nigqibile, nigqibē	anigqibanga	eningagqibanga	ningagqibanga
Class 1	ugqibile, ugqibē	ogqibile, ogqibē	egqibile, egqibē	akagqibanga	ongagqibanga	engagqibanga
Class 2	bagqibile, bagqibē	abagqibile, abagqibē	begqibile, begqibē	abagqibanga	abangagqibanga	bengagqibanga
Class 3	ugqibile, ugqibē	ogqibile, ogqibē	ugqibile, ugqibē	awugqibanga	ongagqibanga	ungagqibanga
Class 4	igqibile, igqibē	egqibile, egqibē	igqibile, igqibē	ayigqibanga	engagqibanga	ingagqibanga
Class 5	ligqibile, ligqibē	eligqibile, eligqibē	ligqibile, ligqibē	aligqibanga	elingagqibanga	lingagqibanga
Class 6	agqibile, agqibē	agqibile, agqibē	egqibile, egqibē	awagqibanga	angagqibanga	engagqibanga
Class 7	sigqibile, sigqibē	esigqibile, esigqibē	sigqibile, sigqibē	asigqibanga	esingagqibanga	singagqibanga
Class 8	zigqibile, zigqibē	ezigqibile, ezigqibē	zigqibile, zigqibē	azigqibanga	ezingagqibanga	zingagqibanga
Class 9	igqibile, igqibē	egqibile, egqibē	igqibile, igqibē	ayigqibanga	engagqibanga	ingagqibanga
Class 10	zigqibile, zigqibē	ezigqibile, ezigqibē	zigqibile, zigqibē	azigqibanga	ezingagqibanga	zingagqibanga
Class 11	lugqibile, lugqibē	olugqibile, olugqibē	lugqibile, lugqibē	alugqibanga	olungagqibanga	lungagqibanga
Class 14	bugqibile, bugqibē	obugqibile, obugqibē	bugqibile, bugqibē	abugqibanga	obungagqibanga	bungagqibanga
Class 15	kugqibile, kugqibē	okugqibile, okugqibē	kugqibile, kugqibē	akugqibanga	okungagqibanga	kungagqibanga
Class 17	kugqibile, kugqibē	okugqibile, okugqibē	kugqibile, kugqibē	akugqibanga	okungagqibanga	kungagqibanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgqiba	engāgqiba	ngāgqiba	angigqibanga	engingagqibanga	ngingagqibanga
2nd singular	wāgqiba	owāgqiba	wāgqiba	awugqibanga	ongagqibanga	ungagqibanga
1st plural	sāgqiba	esāgqiba	sāgqiba	asigqibanga	esingagqibanga	singagqibanga
2nd plural	nāgqiba	enāgqiba	nāgqiba	anigqibanga	eningagqibanga	ningagqibanga
Class 1	wāgqiba	owāgqiba	āgqiba	akagqibanga	ongagqibanga	engagqibanga
Class 2	bāgqiba	abāgqiba	bāgqiba	abagqibanga	abangagqibanga	bengagqibanga
Class 3	wāgqiba	owāgqiba	wāgqiba	awugqibanga	ongagqibanga	ungagqibanga
Class 4	yāgqiba	eyāgqiba	yāgqiba	ayigqibanga	engagqibanga	ingagqibanga
Class 5	lāgqiba	elāgqiba	lāgqiba	aligqibanga	elingagqibanga	lingagqibanga
Class 6	āgqiba	āgqiba	āgqiba	awagqibanga	angagqibanga	engagqibanga
Class 7	sāgqiba	esāgqiba	sāgqiba	asigqibanga	esingagqibanga	singagqibanga
Class 8	zāgqiba	ezāgqiba	zāgqiba	azigqibanga	ezingagqibanga	zingagqibanga
Class 9	yāgqiba	eyāgqiba	yāgqiba	ayigqibanga	engagqibanga	ingagqibanga
Class 10	zāgqiba	ezāgqiba	zāgqiba	azigqibanga	ezingagqibanga	zingagqibanga
Class 11	lwāgqiba	olwāgqiba	lwāgqiba	alugqibanga	olungagqibanga	lungagqibanga
Class 14	bāgqiba	obāgqiba	bāgqiba	abugqibanga	obungagqibanga	bungagqibanga
Class 15	kwāgqiba	okwāgqiba	kwāgqiba	akugqibanga	okungagqibanga	kungagqibanga
Class 17	kwāgqiba	okwāgqiba	kwāgqiba	akugqibanga	okungagqibanga	kungagqibanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagqiba	—	ngingagqiba	ngingegqibe	—	ngingegqibe
2nd singular	ungagqiba	—	ungagqiba	ungegqibe	—	ungegqibe
1st plural	singagqiba	—	singagqiba	singegqibe	—	singegqibe
2nd plural	ningagqiba	—	ningagqiba	ningegqibe	—	ningegqibe
Class 1	angagqiba	—	engagqiba	angegqibe	—	engegqibe
Class 2	bangagqiba	—	bengagqiba	bangegqibe	—	bengegqibe
Class 3	ungagqiba	—	ungagqiba	ungegqibe	—	ungegqibe
Class 4	ingagqiba	—	ingagqiba	ingegqibe	—	ingegqibe
Class 5	lingagqiba	—	lingagqiba	lingegqibe	—	lingegqibe
Class 6	angagqiba	—	engagqiba	angegqibe	—	engegqibe
Class 7	singagqiba	—	singagqiba	singegqibe	—	singegqibe
Class 8	zingagqiba	—	zingagqiba	zingegqibe	—	zingegqibe
Class 9	ingagqiba	—	ingagqiba	ingegqibe	—	ingegqibe
Class 10	zingagqiba	—	zingagqiba	zingegqibe	—	zingegqibe
Class 11	lungagqiba	—	lungagqiba	lungegqibe	—	lungegqibe
Class 14	bungagqiba	—	bungagqiba	bungegqibe	—	bungegqibe
Class 15	kungagqiba	—	kungagqiba	kungegqibe	—	kungegqibe
Class 17	kungagqiba	—	kungagqiba	kungegqibe	—	kungegqibe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogqiba	engizogqiba	ngizogqiba	angizugqiba	engingezugqiba	ngingezugqiba
2nd singular	uzogqiba	ozogqiba	uzogqiba	awuzugqiba	ongezugqiba	ungezugqiba
1st plural	sizogqiba	esizogqiba	sizogqiba	asizugqiba	esingezugqiba	singezugqiba
2nd plural	nizogqiba	enizogqiba	nizogqiba	anizugqiba	eningezugqiba	ningezugqiba
Class 1	uzogqiba	ozogqiba	ezogqiba	akazugqiba	ongezugqiba	engezugqiba
Class 2	bazogqiba	abazogqiba	bezogqiba	abazugqiba	abangezugqiba	bengezugqiba
Class 3	uzogqiba	ozogqiba	uzogqiba	awuzugqiba	ongezugqiba	ungezugqiba
Class 4	izogqiba	ezogqiba	izogqiba	ayizugqiba	engezugqiba	ingezugqiba
Class 5	lizogqiba	elizogqiba	lizogqiba	alizugqiba	elingezugqiba	lingezugqiba
Class 6	azogqiba	azogqiba	ezogqiba	awazugqiba	angezugqiba	engezugqiba
Class 7	sizogqiba	esizogqiba	sizogqiba	asizugqiba	esingezugqiba	singezugqiba
Class 8	zizogqiba	ezizogqiba	zizogqiba	azizugqiba	ezingezugqiba	zingezugqiba
Class 9	izogqiba	ezogqiba	izogqiba	ayizugqiba	engezugqiba	ingezugqiba
Class 10	zizogqiba	ezizogqiba	zizogqiba	azizugqiba	ezingezugqiba	zingezugqiba
Class 11	luzogqiba	oluzogqiba	luzogqiba	aluzugqiba	olungezugqiba	lungezugqiba
Class 14	buzogqiba	obuzogqiba	buzogqiba	abuzugqiba	obungezugqiba	bungezugqiba
Class 15	kuzogqiba	okuzogqiba	kuzogqiba	akuzugqiba	okungezugqiba	kungezugqiba
Class 17	kuzogqiba	okuzogqiba	kuzogqiba	akuzugqiba	okungezugqiba	kungezugqiba
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogqiba	engiyogqiba	ngiyogqiba	angiyugqiba	engingeyugqiba	ngingeyugqiba
2nd singular	uyogqiba	oyogqiba	uyogqiba	awuyugqiba	ongeyugqiba	ungeyugqiba
1st plural	siyogqiba	esiyogqiba	siyogqiba	asiyugqiba	esingeyugqiba	singeyugqiba
2nd plural	niyogqiba	eniyogqiba	niyogqiba	aniyugqiba	eningeyugqiba	ningeyugqiba
Class 1	uyogqiba	oyogqiba	eyogqiba	akayugqiba	ongeyugqiba	engeyugqiba
Class 2	bayogqiba	abayogqiba	beyogqiba	abayugqiba	abangeyugqiba	bengeyugqiba
Class 3	uyogqiba	oyogqiba	uyogqiba	awuyugqiba	ongeyugqiba	ungeyugqiba
Class 4	iyogqiba	eyogqiba	iyogqiba	ayiyugqiba	engeyugqiba	ingeyugqiba
Class 5	liyogqiba	eliyogqiba	liyogqiba	aliyugqiba	elingeyugqiba	lingeyugqiba
Class 6	ayogqiba	ayogqiba	eyogqiba	awayugqiba	angeyugqiba	engeyugqiba
Class 7	siyogqiba	esiyogqiba	siyogqiba	asiyugqiba	esingeyugqiba	singeyugqiba
Class 8	ziyogqiba	eziyogqiba	ziyogqiba	aziyugqiba	ezingeyugqiba	zingeyugqiba
Class 9	iyogqiba	eyogqiba	iyogqiba	ayiyugqiba	engeyugqiba	ingeyugqiba
Class 10	ziyogqiba	eziyogqiba	ziyogqiba	aziyugqiba	ezingeyugqiba	zingeyugqiba
Class 11	luyogqiba	oluyogqiba	luyogqiba	aluyugqiba	olungeyugqiba	lungeyugqiba
Class 14	buyogqiba	obuyogqiba	buyogqiba	abuyugqiba	obungeyugqiba	bungeyugqiba
Class 15	kuyogqiba	okuyogqiba	kuyogqiba	akuyugqiba	okungeyugqiba	kungeyugqiba
Class 17	kuyogqiba	okuyogqiba	kuyogqiba	akuyugqiba	okungeyugqiba	kungeyugqiba
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigqibe	ngingagqibi
2nd singular	ugqibe	ungagqibi
1st plural	sigqibe	singagqibi
2nd plural	nigqibe	ningagqibi
Class 1	agqibe	angagqibi
Class 2	bagqibe	bangagqibi
Class 3	ugqibe	ungagqibi
Class 4	igqibe	ingagqibi
Class 5	ligqibe	lingagqibi
Class 6	agqibe	angagqibi
Class 7	sigqibe	singagqibi
Class 8	zigqibe	zingagqibi
Class 9	igqibe	ingagqibi
Class 10	zigqibe	zingagqibi
Class 11	lugqibe	lungagqibi
Class 14	bugqibe	bungagqibi
Class 15	kugqibe	kungagqibi
Class 17	kugqibe	kungagqibi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagqiba	ngangagqiba, angagqiba, angangagqiba
2nd singular	wagqiba	wangagqiba, awagqiba, awangagqiba
1st plural	sagqiba	sangagqiba, asagqiba, asangagqiba
2nd plural	nagqiba	nangagqiba, anagqiba, anangagqiba
Class 1	wagqiba	wangagqiba, akagqiba, akangagqiba
Class 2	bagqiba	bangagqiba, abagqiba, abangagqiba
Class 3	wagqiba	wangagqiba, awagqiba, awangagqiba
Class 4	yagqiba	yangagqiba, ayagqiba, ayangagqiba
Class 5	lagqiba	langagqiba, alagqiba, alangagqiba
Class 6	agqiba	angagqiba, awagqiba, awangagqiba
Class 7	sagqiba	sangagqiba, asagqiba, asangagqiba
Class 8	zagqiba	zangagqiba, azagqiba, azangagqiba
Class 9	yagqiba	yangagqiba, ayagqiba, ayangagqiba
Class 10	zagqiba	zangagqiba, azagqiba, azangagqiba
Class 11	lwagqiba	lwangagqiba, alwagqiba, alwangagqiba
Class 14	bagqiba	bangagqiba, abagqiba, abangagqiba
Class 15	kwagqiba	kwangagqiba, akwagqiba, akwangagqiba
Class 17	kwagqiba	kwangagqiba, akwagqiba, akwangagqiba

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gqiɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqiɓa (6-3.9)”