gqamuka

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ᶢǃʱamúːɠa/

Verb

-gqamúka

1. (intransitive) to blaze up, to flame up, to flare up

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukugqamuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugqamuka	ukungagqamuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gqamuka	-gqamuke
Plural	gqamukani	-gqamukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagqamuka, ngigqamuka	engigqamukayo, engigqamuka	ngigqamuka	angigqamuki	engingagqamuki	ngingagqamuki
2nd singular	uyagqamuka, ugqamuka	ogqamukayo, ogqamuka	ugqamuka	awugqamuki	ongagqamuki	ungagqamuki
1st plural	siyagqamuka, sigqamuka	esigqamukayo, esigqamuka	sigqamuka	asigqamuki	esingagqamuki	singagqamuki
2nd plural	niyagqamuka, nigqamuka	enigqamukayo, enigqamuka	nigqamuka	anigqamuki	eningagqamuki	ningagqamuki
Class 1	uyagqamuka, ugqamuka	ogqamukayo, ogqamuka	egqamuka	akagqamuki	ongagqamuki	engagqamuki
Class 2	bayagqamuka, bagqamuka	abagqamukayo, abagqamuka	begqamuka	abagqamuki	abangagqamuki	bengagqamuki
Class 3	uyagqamuka, ugqamuka	ogqamukayo, ogqamuka	ugqamuka	awugqamuki	ongagqamuki	ungagqamuki
Class 4	iyagqamuka, igqamuka	egqamukayo, egqamuka	igqamuka	ayigqamuki	engagqamuki	ingagqamuki
Class 5	liyagqamuka, ligqamuka	eligqamukayo, eligqamuka	ligqamuka	aligqamuki	elingagqamuki	lingagqamuki
Class 6	ayagqamuka, agqamuka	agqamukayo, agqamuka	egqamuka	awagqamuki	angagqamuki	engagqamuki
Class 7	siyagqamuka, sigqamuka	esigqamukayo, esigqamuka	sigqamuka	asigqamuki	esingagqamuki	singagqamuki
Class 8	ziyagqamuka, zigqamuka	ezigqamukayo, ezigqamuka	zigqamuka	azigqamuki	ezingagqamuki	zingagqamuki
Class 9	iyagqamuka, igqamuka	egqamukayo, egqamuka	igqamuka	ayigqamuki	engagqamuki	ingagqamuki
Class 10	ziyagqamuka, zigqamuka	ezigqamukayo, ezigqamuka	zigqamuka	azigqamuki	ezingagqamuki	zingagqamuki
Class 11	luyagqamuka, lugqamuka	olugqamukayo, olugqamuka	lugqamuka	alugqamuki	olungagqamuki	lungagqamuki
Class 14	buyagqamuka, bugqamuka	obugqamukayo, obugqamuka	bugqamuka	abugqamuki	obungagqamuki	bungagqamuki
Class 15	kuyagqamuka, kugqamuka	okugqamukayo, okugqamuka	kugqamuka	akugqamuki	okungagqamuki	kungagqamuki
Class 17	kuyagqamuka, kugqamuka	okugqamukayo, okugqamuka	kugqamuka	akugqamuki	okungagqamuki	kungagqamuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigqamukile, ngigqamukē	engigqamukile, engigqamukē	ngigqamukile, ngigqamukē	angigqamukanga	engingagqamukanga	ngingagqamukanga
2nd singular	ugqamukile, ugqamukē	ogqamukile, ogqamukē	ugqamukile, ugqamukē	awugqamukanga	ongagqamukanga	ungagqamukanga
1st plural	sigqamukile, sigqamukē	esigqamukile, esigqamukē	sigqamukile, sigqamukē	asigqamukanga	esingagqamukanga	singagqamukanga
2nd plural	nigqamukile, nigqamukē	enigqamukile, enigqamukē	nigqamukile, nigqamukē	anigqamukanga	eningagqamukanga	ningagqamukanga
Class 1	ugqamukile, ugqamukē	ogqamukile, ogqamukē	egqamukile, egqamukē	akagqamukanga	ongagqamukanga	engagqamukanga
Class 2	bagqamukile, bagqamukē	abagqamukile, abagqamukē	begqamukile, begqamukē	abagqamukanga	abangagqamukanga	bengagqamukanga
Class 3	ugqamukile, ugqamukē	ogqamukile, ogqamukē	ugqamukile, ugqamukē	awugqamukanga	ongagqamukanga	ungagqamukanga
Class 4	igqamukile, igqamukē	egqamukile, egqamukē	igqamukile, igqamukē	ayigqamukanga	engagqamukanga	ingagqamukanga
Class 5	ligqamukile, ligqamukē	eligqamukile, eligqamukē	ligqamukile, ligqamukē	aligqamukanga	elingagqamukanga	lingagqamukanga
Class 6	agqamukile, agqamukē	agqamukile, agqamukē	egqamukile, egqamukē	awagqamukanga	angagqamukanga	engagqamukanga
Class 7	sigqamukile, sigqamukē	esigqamukile, esigqamukē	sigqamukile, sigqamukē	asigqamukanga	esingagqamukanga	singagqamukanga
Class 8	zigqamukile, zigqamukē	ezigqamukile, ezigqamukē	zigqamukile, zigqamukē	azigqamukanga	ezingagqamukanga	zingagqamukanga
Class 9	igqamukile, igqamukē	egqamukile, egqamukē	igqamukile, igqamukē	ayigqamukanga	engagqamukanga	ingagqamukanga
Class 10	zigqamukile, zigqamukē	ezigqamukile, ezigqamukē	zigqamukile, zigqamukē	azigqamukanga	ezingagqamukanga	zingagqamukanga
Class 11	lugqamukile, lugqamukē	olugqamukile, olugqamukē	lugqamukile, lugqamukē	alugqamukanga	olungagqamukanga	lungagqamukanga
Class 14	bugqamukile, bugqamukē	obugqamukile, obugqamukē	bugqamukile, bugqamukē	abugqamukanga	obungagqamukanga	bungagqamukanga
Class 15	kugqamukile, kugqamukē	okugqamukile, okugqamukē	kugqamukile, kugqamukē	akugqamukanga	okungagqamukanga	kungagqamukanga
Class 17	kugqamukile, kugqamukē	okugqamukile, okugqamukē	kugqamukile, kugqamukē	akugqamukanga	okungagqamukanga	kungagqamukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgqamuka	engāgqamuka	ngāgqamuka	angigqamukanga	engingagqamukanga	ngingagqamukanga
2nd singular	wāgqamuka	owāgqamuka	wāgqamuka	awugqamukanga	ongagqamukanga	ungagqamukanga
1st plural	sāgqamuka	esāgqamuka	sāgqamuka	asigqamukanga	esingagqamukanga	singagqamukanga
2nd plural	nāgqamuka	enāgqamuka	nāgqamuka	anigqamukanga	eningagqamukanga	ningagqamukanga
Class 1	wāgqamuka	owāgqamuka	āgqamuka	akagqamukanga	ongagqamukanga	engagqamukanga
Class 2	bāgqamuka	abāgqamuka	bāgqamuka	abagqamukanga	abangagqamukanga	bengagqamukanga
Class 3	wāgqamuka	owāgqamuka	wāgqamuka	awugqamukanga	ongagqamukanga	ungagqamukanga
Class 4	yāgqamuka	eyāgqamuka	yāgqamuka	ayigqamukanga	engagqamukanga	ingagqamukanga
Class 5	lāgqamuka	elāgqamuka	lāgqamuka	aligqamukanga	elingagqamukanga	lingagqamukanga
Class 6	āgqamuka	āgqamuka	āgqamuka	awagqamukanga	angagqamukanga	engagqamukanga
Class 7	sāgqamuka	esāgqamuka	sāgqamuka	asigqamukanga	esingagqamukanga	singagqamukanga
Class 8	zāgqamuka	ezāgqamuka	zāgqamuka	azigqamukanga	ezingagqamukanga	zingagqamukanga
Class 9	yāgqamuka	eyāgqamuka	yāgqamuka	ayigqamukanga	engagqamukanga	ingagqamukanga
Class 10	zāgqamuka	ezāgqamuka	zāgqamuka	azigqamukanga	ezingagqamukanga	zingagqamukanga
Class 11	lwāgqamuka	olwāgqamuka	lwāgqamuka	alugqamukanga	olungagqamukanga	lungagqamukanga
Class 14	bāgqamuka	obāgqamuka	bāgqamuka	abugqamukanga	obungagqamukanga	bungagqamukanga
Class 15	kwāgqamuka	okwāgqamuka	kwāgqamuka	akugqamukanga	okungagqamukanga	kungagqamukanga
Class 17	kwāgqamuka	okwāgqamuka	kwāgqamuka	akugqamukanga	okungagqamukanga	kungagqamukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagqamuka	—	ngingagqamuka	ngingegqamuke	—	ngingegqamuke
2nd singular	ungagqamuka	—	ungagqamuka	ungegqamuke	—	ungegqamuke
1st plural	singagqamuka	—	singagqamuka	singegqamuke	—	singegqamuke
2nd plural	ningagqamuka	—	ningagqamuka	ningegqamuke	—	ningegqamuke
Class 1	angagqamuka	—	engagqamuka	angegqamuke	—	engegqamuke
Class 2	bangagqamuka	—	bengagqamuka	bangegqamuke	—	bengegqamuke
Class 3	ungagqamuka	—	ungagqamuka	ungegqamuke	—	ungegqamuke
Class 4	ingagqamuka	—	ingagqamuka	ingegqamuke	—	ingegqamuke
Class 5	lingagqamuka	—	lingagqamuka	lingegqamuke	—	lingegqamuke
Class 6	angagqamuka	—	engagqamuka	angegqamuke	—	engegqamuke
Class 7	singagqamuka	—	singagqamuka	singegqamuke	—	singegqamuke
Class 8	zingagqamuka	—	zingagqamuka	zingegqamuke	—	zingegqamuke
Class 9	ingagqamuka	—	ingagqamuka	ingegqamuke	—	ingegqamuke
Class 10	zingagqamuka	—	zingagqamuka	zingegqamuke	—	zingegqamuke
Class 11	lungagqamuka	—	lungagqamuka	lungegqamuke	—	lungegqamuke
Class 14	bungagqamuka	—	bungagqamuka	bungegqamuke	—	bungegqamuke
Class 15	kungagqamuka	—	kungagqamuka	kungegqamuke	—	kungegqamuke
Class 17	kungagqamuka	—	kungagqamuka	kungegqamuke	—	kungegqamuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogqamuka	engizogqamuka	ngizogqamuka	angizugqamuka	engingezugqamuka	ngingezugqamuka
2nd singular	uzogqamuka	ozogqamuka	uzogqamuka	awuzugqamuka	ongezugqamuka	ungezugqamuka
1st plural	sizogqamuka	esizogqamuka	sizogqamuka	asizugqamuka	esingezugqamuka	singezugqamuka
2nd plural	nizogqamuka	enizogqamuka	nizogqamuka	anizugqamuka	eningezugqamuka	ningezugqamuka
Class 1	uzogqamuka	ozogqamuka	ezogqamuka	akazugqamuka	ongezugqamuka	engezugqamuka
Class 2	bazogqamuka	abazogqamuka	bezogqamuka	abazugqamuka	abangezugqamuka	bengezugqamuka
Class 3	uzogqamuka	ozogqamuka	uzogqamuka	awuzugqamuka	ongezugqamuka	ungezugqamuka
Class 4	izogqamuka	ezogqamuka	izogqamuka	ayizugqamuka	engezugqamuka	ingezugqamuka
Class 5	lizogqamuka	elizogqamuka	lizogqamuka	alizugqamuka	elingezugqamuka	lingezugqamuka
Class 6	azogqamuka	azogqamuka	ezogqamuka	awazugqamuka	angezugqamuka	engezugqamuka
Class 7	sizogqamuka	esizogqamuka	sizogqamuka	asizugqamuka	esingezugqamuka	singezugqamuka
Class 8	zizogqamuka	ezizogqamuka	zizogqamuka	azizugqamuka	ezingezugqamuka	zingezugqamuka
Class 9	izogqamuka	ezogqamuka	izogqamuka	ayizugqamuka	engezugqamuka	ingezugqamuka
Class 10	zizogqamuka	ezizogqamuka	zizogqamuka	azizugqamuka	ezingezugqamuka	zingezugqamuka
Class 11	luzogqamuka	oluzogqamuka	luzogqamuka	aluzugqamuka	olungezugqamuka	lungezugqamuka
Class 14	buzogqamuka	obuzogqamuka	buzogqamuka	abuzugqamuka	obungezugqamuka	bungezugqamuka
Class 15	kuzogqamuka	okuzogqamuka	kuzogqamuka	akuzugqamuka	okungezugqamuka	kungezugqamuka
Class 17	kuzogqamuka	okuzogqamuka	kuzogqamuka	akuzugqamuka	okungezugqamuka	kungezugqamuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogqamuka	engiyogqamuka	ngiyogqamuka	angiyugqamuka	engingeyugqamuka	ngingeyugqamuka
2nd singular	uyogqamuka	oyogqamuka	uyogqamuka	awuyugqamuka	ongeyugqamuka	ungeyugqamuka
1st plural	siyogqamuka	esiyogqamuka	siyogqamuka	asiyugqamuka	esingeyugqamuka	singeyugqamuka
2nd plural	niyogqamuka	eniyogqamuka	niyogqamuka	aniyugqamuka	eningeyugqamuka	ningeyugqamuka
Class 1	uyogqamuka	oyogqamuka	eyogqamuka	akayugqamuka	ongeyugqamuka	engeyugqamuka
Class 2	bayogqamuka	abayogqamuka	beyogqamuka	abayugqamuka	abangeyugqamuka	bengeyugqamuka
Class 3	uyogqamuka	oyogqamuka	uyogqamuka	awuyugqamuka	ongeyugqamuka	ungeyugqamuka
Class 4	iyogqamuka	eyogqamuka	iyogqamuka	ayiyugqamuka	engeyugqamuka	ingeyugqamuka
Class 5	liyogqamuka	eliyogqamuka	liyogqamuka	aliyugqamuka	elingeyugqamuka	lingeyugqamuka
Class 6	ayogqamuka	ayogqamuka	eyogqamuka	awayugqamuka	angeyugqamuka	engeyugqamuka
Class 7	siyogqamuka	esiyogqamuka	siyogqamuka	asiyugqamuka	esingeyugqamuka	singeyugqamuka
Class 8	ziyogqamuka	eziyogqamuka	ziyogqamuka	aziyugqamuka	ezingeyugqamuka	zingeyugqamuka
Class 9	iyogqamuka	eyogqamuka	iyogqamuka	ayiyugqamuka	engeyugqamuka	ingeyugqamuka
Class 10	ziyogqamuka	eziyogqamuka	ziyogqamuka	aziyugqamuka	ezingeyugqamuka	zingeyugqamuka
Class 11	luyogqamuka	oluyogqamuka	luyogqamuka	aluyugqamuka	olungeyugqamuka	lungeyugqamuka
Class 14	buyogqamuka	obuyogqamuka	buyogqamuka	abuyugqamuka	obungeyugqamuka	bungeyugqamuka
Class 15	kuyogqamuka	okuyogqamuka	kuyogqamuka	akuyugqamuka	okungeyugqamuka	kungeyugqamuka
Class 17	kuyogqamuka	okuyogqamuka	kuyogqamuka	akuyugqamuka	okungeyugqamuka	kungeyugqamuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigqamuke	ngingagqamuki
2nd singular	ugqamuke	ungagqamuki
1st plural	sigqamuke	singagqamuki
2nd plural	nigqamuke	ningagqamuki
Class 1	agqamuke	angagqamuki
Class 2	bagqamuke	bangagqamuki
Class 3	ugqamuke	ungagqamuki
Class 4	igqamuke	ingagqamuki
Class 5	ligqamuke	lingagqamuki
Class 6	agqamuke	angagqamuki
Class 7	sigqamuke	singagqamuki
Class 8	zigqamuke	zingagqamuki
Class 9	igqamuke	ingagqamuki
Class 10	zigqamuke	zingagqamuki
Class 11	lugqamuke	lungagqamuki
Class 14	bugqamuke	bungagqamuki
Class 15	kugqamuke	kungagqamuki
Class 17	kugqamuke	kungagqamuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagqamuka	ngangagqamuka, angagqamuka, angangagqamuka
2nd singular	wagqamuka	wangagqamuka, awagqamuka, awangagqamuka
1st plural	sagqamuka	sangagqamuka, asagqamuka, asangagqamuka
2nd plural	nagqamuka	nangagqamuka, anagqamuka, anangagqamuka
Class 1	wagqamuka	wangagqamuka, akagqamuka, akangagqamuka
Class 2	bagqamuka	bangagqamuka, abagqamuka, abangagqamuka
Class 3	wagqamuka	wangagqamuka, awagqamuka, awangagqamuka
Class 4	yagqamuka	yangagqamuka, ayagqamuka, ayangagqamuka
Class 5	lagqamuka	langagqamuka, alagqamuka, alangagqamuka
Class 6	agqamuka	angagqamuka, awagqamuka, awangagqamuka
Class 7	sagqamuka	sangagqamuka, asagqamuka, asangagqamuka
Class 8	zagqamuka	zangagqamuka, azagqamuka, azangagqamuka
Class 9	yagqamuka	yangagqamuka, ayagqamuka, ayangagqamuka
Class 10	zagqamuka	zangagqamuka, azagqamuka, azangagqamuka
Class 11	lwagqamuka	lwangagqamuka, alwagqamuka, alwangagqamuka
Class 14	bagqamuka	bangagqamuka, abagqamuka, abangagqamuka
Class 15	kwagqamuka	kwangagqamuka, akwagqamuka, akwangagqamuka
Class 17	kwagqamuka	kwangagqamuka, akwagqamuka, akwangagqamuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gqamuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqamuka (3.2.9)”