gqama

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ᶢǃʱaːma/

Verb

-gqama

1. (intransitive) to stand out
2. (intransitive) to be famous, to be notorious, to be renowned

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukugqama
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugqama	ukungagqami
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gqama	-gqame
Plural	gqamani	-gqameni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagqama, ngigqama	engigqamayo, engigqama	ngigqama	angigqami	engingagqami	ngingagqami
2nd singular	uyagqama, ugqama	ogqamayo, ogqama	ugqama	awugqami	ongagqami	ungagqami
1st plural	siyagqama, sigqama	esigqamayo, esigqama	sigqama	asigqami	esingagqami	singagqami
2nd plural	niyagqama, nigqama	enigqamayo, enigqama	nigqama	anigqami	eningagqami	ningagqami
Class 1	uyagqama, ugqama	ogqamayo, ogqama	egqama	akagqami	ongagqami	engagqami
Class 2	bayagqama, bagqama	abagqamayo, abagqama	begqama	abagqami	abangagqami	bengagqami
Class 3	uyagqama, ugqama	ogqamayo, ogqama	ugqama	awugqami	ongagqami	ungagqami
Class 4	iyagqama, igqama	egqamayo, egqama	igqama	ayigqami	engagqami	ingagqami
Class 5	liyagqama, ligqama	eligqamayo, eligqama	ligqama	aligqami	elingagqami	lingagqami
Class 6	ayagqama, agqama	agqamayo, agqama	egqama	awagqami	angagqami	engagqami
Class 7	siyagqama, sigqama	esigqamayo, esigqama	sigqama	asigqami	esingagqami	singagqami
Class 8	ziyagqama, zigqama	ezigqamayo, ezigqama	zigqama	azigqami	ezingagqami	zingagqami
Class 9	iyagqama, igqama	egqamayo, egqama	igqama	ayigqami	engagqami	ingagqami
Class 10	ziyagqama, zigqama	ezigqamayo, ezigqama	zigqama	azigqami	ezingagqami	zingagqami
Class 11	luyagqama, lugqama	olugqamayo, olugqama	lugqama	alugqami	olungagqami	lungagqami
Class 14	buyagqama, bugqama	obugqamayo, obugqama	bugqama	abugqami	obungagqami	bungagqami
Class 15	kuyagqama, kugqama	okugqamayo, okugqama	kugqama	akugqami	okungagqami	kungagqami
Class 17	kuyagqama, kugqama	okugqamayo, okugqama	kugqama	akugqami	okungagqami	kungagqami
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigqamile, ngigqamē	engigqamile, engigqamē	ngigqamile, ngigqamē	angigqamanga	engingagqamanga	ngingagqamanga
2nd singular	ugqamile, ugqamē	ogqamile, ogqamē	ugqamile, ugqamē	awugqamanga	ongagqamanga	ungagqamanga
1st plural	sigqamile, sigqamē	esigqamile, esigqamē	sigqamile, sigqamē	asigqamanga	esingagqamanga	singagqamanga
2nd plural	nigqamile, nigqamē	enigqamile, enigqamē	nigqamile, nigqamē	anigqamanga	eningagqamanga	ningagqamanga
Class 1	ugqamile, ugqamē	ogqamile, ogqamē	egqamile, egqamē	akagqamanga	ongagqamanga	engagqamanga
Class 2	bagqamile, bagqamē	abagqamile, abagqamē	begqamile, begqamē	abagqamanga	abangagqamanga	bengagqamanga
Class 3	ugqamile, ugqamē	ogqamile, ogqamē	ugqamile, ugqamē	awugqamanga	ongagqamanga	ungagqamanga
Class 4	igqamile, igqamē	egqamile, egqamē	igqamile, igqamē	ayigqamanga	engagqamanga	ingagqamanga
Class 5	ligqamile, ligqamē	eligqamile, eligqamē	ligqamile, ligqamē	aligqamanga	elingagqamanga	lingagqamanga
Class 6	agqamile, agqamē	agqamile, agqamē	egqamile, egqamē	awagqamanga	angagqamanga	engagqamanga
Class 7	sigqamile, sigqamē	esigqamile, esigqamē	sigqamile, sigqamē	asigqamanga	esingagqamanga	singagqamanga
Class 8	zigqamile, zigqamē	ezigqamile, ezigqamē	zigqamile, zigqamē	azigqamanga	ezingagqamanga	zingagqamanga
Class 9	igqamile, igqamē	egqamile, egqamē	igqamile, igqamē	ayigqamanga	engagqamanga	ingagqamanga
Class 10	zigqamile, zigqamē	ezigqamile, ezigqamē	zigqamile, zigqamē	azigqamanga	ezingagqamanga	zingagqamanga
Class 11	lugqamile, lugqamē	olugqamile, olugqamē	lugqamile, lugqamē	alugqamanga	olungagqamanga	lungagqamanga
Class 14	bugqamile, bugqamē	obugqamile, obugqamē	bugqamile, bugqamē	abugqamanga	obungagqamanga	bungagqamanga
Class 15	kugqamile, kugqamē	okugqamile, okugqamē	kugqamile, kugqamē	akugqamanga	okungagqamanga	kungagqamanga
Class 17	kugqamile, kugqamē	okugqamile, okugqamē	kugqamile, kugqamē	akugqamanga	okungagqamanga	kungagqamanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgqama	engāgqama	ngāgqama	angigqamanga	engingagqamanga	ngingagqamanga
2nd singular	wāgqama	owāgqama	wāgqama	awugqamanga	ongagqamanga	ungagqamanga
1st plural	sāgqama	esāgqama	sāgqama	asigqamanga	esingagqamanga	singagqamanga
2nd plural	nāgqama	enāgqama	nāgqama	anigqamanga	eningagqamanga	ningagqamanga
Class 1	wāgqama	owāgqama	āgqama	akagqamanga	ongagqamanga	engagqamanga
Class 2	bāgqama	abāgqama	bāgqama	abagqamanga	abangagqamanga	bengagqamanga
Class 3	wāgqama	owāgqama	wāgqama	awugqamanga	ongagqamanga	ungagqamanga
Class 4	yāgqama	eyāgqama	yāgqama	ayigqamanga	engagqamanga	ingagqamanga
Class 5	lāgqama	elāgqama	lāgqama	aligqamanga	elingagqamanga	lingagqamanga
Class 6	āgqama	āgqama	āgqama	awagqamanga	angagqamanga	engagqamanga
Class 7	sāgqama	esāgqama	sāgqama	asigqamanga	esingagqamanga	singagqamanga
Class 8	zāgqama	ezāgqama	zāgqama	azigqamanga	ezingagqamanga	zingagqamanga
Class 9	yāgqama	eyāgqama	yāgqama	ayigqamanga	engagqamanga	ingagqamanga
Class 10	zāgqama	ezāgqama	zāgqama	azigqamanga	ezingagqamanga	zingagqamanga
Class 11	lwāgqama	olwāgqama	lwāgqama	alugqamanga	olungagqamanga	lungagqamanga
Class 14	bāgqama	obāgqama	bāgqama	abugqamanga	obungagqamanga	bungagqamanga
Class 15	kwāgqama	okwāgqama	kwāgqama	akugqamanga	okungagqamanga	kungagqamanga
Class 17	kwāgqama	okwāgqama	kwāgqama	akugqamanga	okungagqamanga	kungagqamanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagqama	—	ngingagqama	ngingegqame	—	ngingegqame
2nd singular	ungagqama	—	ungagqama	ungegqame	—	ungegqame
1st plural	singagqama	—	singagqama	singegqame	—	singegqame
2nd plural	ningagqama	—	ningagqama	ningegqame	—	ningegqame
Class 1	angagqama	—	engagqama	angegqame	—	engegqame
Class 2	bangagqama	—	bengagqama	bangegqame	—	bengegqame
Class 3	ungagqama	—	ungagqama	ungegqame	—	ungegqame
Class 4	ingagqama	—	ingagqama	ingegqame	—	ingegqame
Class 5	lingagqama	—	lingagqama	lingegqame	—	lingegqame
Class 6	angagqama	—	engagqama	angegqame	—	engegqame
Class 7	singagqama	—	singagqama	singegqame	—	singegqame
Class 8	zingagqama	—	zingagqama	zingegqame	—	zingegqame
Class 9	ingagqama	—	ingagqama	ingegqame	—	ingegqame
Class 10	zingagqama	—	zingagqama	zingegqame	—	zingegqame
Class 11	lungagqama	—	lungagqama	lungegqame	—	lungegqame
Class 14	bungagqama	—	bungagqama	bungegqame	—	bungegqame
Class 15	kungagqama	—	kungagqama	kungegqame	—	kungegqame
Class 17	kungagqama	—	kungagqama	kungegqame	—	kungegqame
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogqama	engizogqama	ngizogqama	angizugqama	engingezugqama	ngingezugqama
2nd singular	uzogqama	ozogqama	uzogqama	awuzugqama	ongezugqama	ungezugqama
1st plural	sizogqama	esizogqama	sizogqama	asizugqama	esingezugqama	singezugqama
2nd plural	nizogqama	enizogqama	nizogqama	anizugqama	eningezugqama	ningezugqama
Class 1	uzogqama	ozogqama	ezogqama	akazugqama	ongezugqama	engezugqama
Class 2	bazogqama	abazogqama	bezogqama	abazugqama	abangezugqama	bengezugqama
Class 3	uzogqama	ozogqama	uzogqama	awuzugqama	ongezugqama	ungezugqama
Class 4	izogqama	ezogqama	izogqama	ayizugqama	engezugqama	ingezugqama
Class 5	lizogqama	elizogqama	lizogqama	alizugqama	elingezugqama	lingezugqama
Class 6	azogqama	azogqama	ezogqama	awazugqama	angezugqama	engezugqama
Class 7	sizogqama	esizogqama	sizogqama	asizugqama	esingezugqama	singezugqama
Class 8	zizogqama	ezizogqama	zizogqama	azizugqama	ezingezugqama	zingezugqama
Class 9	izogqama	ezogqama	izogqama	ayizugqama	engezugqama	ingezugqama
Class 10	zizogqama	ezizogqama	zizogqama	azizugqama	ezingezugqama	zingezugqama
Class 11	luzogqama	oluzogqama	luzogqama	aluzugqama	olungezugqama	lungezugqama
Class 14	buzogqama	obuzogqama	buzogqama	abuzugqama	obungezugqama	bungezugqama
Class 15	kuzogqama	okuzogqama	kuzogqama	akuzugqama	okungezugqama	kungezugqama
Class 17	kuzogqama	okuzogqama	kuzogqama	akuzugqama	okungezugqama	kungezugqama
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogqama	engiyogqama	ngiyogqama	angiyugqama	engingeyugqama	ngingeyugqama
2nd singular	uyogqama	oyogqama	uyogqama	awuyugqama	ongeyugqama	ungeyugqama
1st plural	siyogqama	esiyogqama	siyogqama	asiyugqama	esingeyugqama	singeyugqama
2nd plural	niyogqama	eniyogqama	niyogqama	aniyugqama	eningeyugqama	ningeyugqama
Class 1	uyogqama	oyogqama	eyogqama	akayugqama	ongeyugqama	engeyugqama
Class 2	bayogqama	abayogqama	beyogqama	abayugqama	abangeyugqama	bengeyugqama
Class 3	uyogqama	oyogqama	uyogqama	awuyugqama	ongeyugqama	ungeyugqama
Class 4	iyogqama	eyogqama	iyogqama	ayiyugqama	engeyugqama	ingeyugqama
Class 5	liyogqama	eliyogqama	liyogqama	aliyugqama	elingeyugqama	lingeyugqama
Class 6	ayogqama	ayogqama	eyogqama	awayugqama	angeyugqama	engeyugqama
Class 7	siyogqama	esiyogqama	siyogqama	asiyugqama	esingeyugqama	singeyugqama
Class 8	ziyogqama	eziyogqama	ziyogqama	aziyugqama	ezingeyugqama	zingeyugqama
Class 9	iyogqama	eyogqama	iyogqama	ayiyugqama	engeyugqama	ingeyugqama
Class 10	ziyogqama	eziyogqama	ziyogqama	aziyugqama	ezingeyugqama	zingeyugqama
Class 11	luyogqama	oluyogqama	luyogqama	aluyugqama	olungeyugqama	lungeyugqama
Class 14	buyogqama	obuyogqama	buyogqama	abuyugqama	obungeyugqama	bungeyugqama
Class 15	kuyogqama	okuyogqama	kuyogqama	akuyugqama	okungeyugqama	kungeyugqama
Class 17	kuyogqama	okuyogqama	kuyogqama	akuyugqama	okungeyugqama	kungeyugqama
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigqame	ngingagqami
2nd singular	ugqame	ungagqami
1st plural	sigqame	singagqami
2nd plural	nigqame	ningagqami
Class 1	agqame	angagqami
Class 2	bagqame	bangagqami
Class 3	ugqame	ungagqami
Class 4	igqame	ingagqami
Class 5	ligqame	lingagqami
Class 6	agqame	angagqami
Class 7	sigqame	singagqami
Class 8	zigqame	zingagqami
Class 9	igqame	ingagqami
Class 10	zigqame	zingagqami
Class 11	lugqame	lungagqami
Class 14	bugqame	bungagqami
Class 15	kugqame	kungagqami
Class 17	kugqame	kungagqami
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagqama	ngangagqama, angagqama, angangagqama
2nd singular	wagqama	wangagqama, awagqama, awangagqama
1st plural	sagqama	sangagqama, asagqama, asangagqama
2nd plural	nagqama	nangagqama, anagqama, anangagqama
Class 1	wagqama	wangagqama, akagqama, akangagqama
Class 2	bagqama	bangagqama, abagqama, abangagqama
Class 3	wagqama	wangagqama, awagqama, awangagqama
Class 4	yagqama	yangagqama, ayagqama, ayangagqama
Class 5	lagqama	langagqama, alagqama, alangagqama
Class 6	agqama	angagqama, awagqama, awangagqama
Class 7	sagqama	sangagqama, asagqama, asangagqama
Class 8	zagqama	zangagqama, azagqama, azangagqama
Class 9	yagqama	yangagqama, ayagqama, ayangagqama
Class 10	zagqama	zangagqama, azagqama, azangagqama
Class 11	lwagqama	lwangagqama, alwagqama, alwangagqama
Class 14	bagqama	bangagqama, abagqama, abangagqama
Class 15	kwagqama	kwangagqama, akwagqama, akwangagqama
Class 17	kwagqama	kwangagqama, akwagqama, akwangagqama

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gqama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gqama (6.3)”