gmḥ

See also: gmh

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛmɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: gemeh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to observe
   • c. 1295 BCE – 1186 BCE, The Admonitions of Ipuwer (pLeiden I 344 Recto) line 8.5:

     m.tn jwtt {m} pdsw.s m nbt ꜣtp gmḥt ḥr.s m mw m nbt ꜥnḫ

     Look, she who had no box is the owner of a chest; she who observed her face in the water is the owner of a mirror.

Inflection

Conjugation of gmḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: gmḥ, geminated stem: gmḥḥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
gmḥ	gmḥw, gmḥ	gmḥt	gmḥ	gmḥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
gmḥ	ḥr gmḥ	m gmḥ	r gmḥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	gmḥ.n	gmḥw, gmḥ	consecutive	gmḥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	gmḥt
perfective3	gmḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	gmḥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	gmḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	gmḥ	gmḥḥ	potentialis1	gmḥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	gmḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	gmḥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	gmḥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	gmḥ	gmḥ, gmḥw5, gmḥy5
imperfective	gmḥ, gmḥy, gmḥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	gmḥ, gmḥj6, gmḥy6	gmḥ, gmḥw5
prospective	gmḥ, gmḥtj7	—	gmḥtj4, gmḥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 345.