gmḥ

See also: gmh

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛmɛh/
  • Conventional anglicization: gemeh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to observe
   • c. 1295 BCE – 1186 BCE, The Admonitions of Ipuwer (pLeiden I 344 Recto) line 8.5:

     m.tn jwtt {m} pdsw.s m nbt ꜣtp gmḥt ḥr.s m mw m nbt ꜥnḫ

     Look, she who had no box is the owner of a chest; she who observed her face in the water is the owner of a mirror.

Inflection

Conjugation of gmḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: gmḥ, geminated stem: gmḥḥ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural gmḥ gmḥw, gmḥ gmḥt gmḥ gmḥ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 gmḥ ḥr gmḥ m gmḥ r gmḥ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect gmḥ.n gmḥw, gmḥ consecutive gmḥ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative gmḥt perfective3 gmḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 gmḥ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective gmḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 gmḥ gmḥḥ potentialis1 gmḥ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive gmḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect gmḥ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective gmḥ active + .tj1, .tw2 gmḥ gmḥ, gmḥw5, gmḥy5 imperfective gmḥ, gmḥy, gmḥw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 gmḥ, gmḥj6, gmḥy6 gmḥ, gmḥw5 prospective gmḥ, gmḥtj7 — gmḥtj4, gmḥt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 345.