gcina

Northern Ndebele

Verb

-gcina

1. to keep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Phuthi

Verb

-gcina

1. to keep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-gcina

1. to keep

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

Verb

-gcina

1. to end

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gcina

1. to keep
2. (transitive) to save

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-gcina

1. (intransitive) to end, to terminate, to be completed
2. to do finally, to do in the end
3. (transitive) to keep, to preserve
4. (transitive) to take care of
5. (transitive) to observe (laws, rules)
6. (transitive) to make stick firmly

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukugcina
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukugcina	ukungagcini
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	gcina	-gcine
Plural	gcinani	-gcineni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyagcina, ngigcina	engigcinayo, engigcina	ngigcina	angigcini	engingagcini	ngingagcini
2nd singular	uyagcina, ugcina	ogcinayo, ogcina	ugcina	awugcini	ongagcini	ungagcini
1st plural	siyagcina, sigcina	esigcinayo, esigcina	sigcina	asigcini	esingagcini	singagcini
2nd plural	niyagcina, nigcina	enigcinayo, enigcina	nigcina	anigcini	eningagcini	ningagcini
Class 1	uyagcina, ugcina	ogcinayo, ogcina	egcina	akagcini	ongagcini	engagcini
Class 2	bayagcina, bagcina	abagcinayo, abagcina	begcina	abagcini	abangagcini	bengagcini
Class 3	uyagcina, ugcina	ogcinayo, ogcina	ugcina	awugcini	ongagcini	ungagcini
Class 4	iyagcina, igcina	egcinayo, egcina	igcina	ayigcini	engagcini	ingagcini
Class 5	liyagcina, ligcina	eligcinayo, eligcina	ligcina	aligcini	elingagcini	lingagcini
Class 6	ayagcina, agcina	agcinayo, agcina	egcina	awagcini	angagcini	engagcini
Class 7	siyagcina, sigcina	esigcinayo, esigcina	sigcina	asigcini	esingagcini	singagcini
Class 8	ziyagcina, zigcina	ezigcinayo, ezigcina	zigcina	azigcini	ezingagcini	zingagcini
Class 9	iyagcina, igcina	egcinayo, egcina	igcina	ayigcini	engagcini	ingagcini
Class 10	ziyagcina, zigcina	ezigcinayo, ezigcina	zigcina	azigcini	ezingagcini	zingagcini
Class 11	luyagcina, lugcina	olugcinayo, olugcina	lugcina	alugcini	olungagcini	lungagcini
Class 14	buyagcina, bugcina	obugcinayo, obugcina	bugcina	abugcini	obungagcini	bungagcini
Class 15	kuyagcina, kugcina	okugcinayo, okugcina	kugcina	akugcini	okungagcini	kungagcini
Class 17	kuyagcina, kugcina	okugcinayo, okugcina	kugcina	akugcini	okungagcini	kungagcini
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngigcinile, ngigcinē	engigcinile, engigcinē	ngigcinile, ngigcinē	angigcinanga	engingagcinanga	ngingagcinanga
2nd singular	ugcinile, ugcinē	ogcinile, ogcinē	ugcinile, ugcinē	awugcinanga	ongagcinanga	ungagcinanga
1st plural	sigcinile, sigcinē	esigcinile, esigcinē	sigcinile, sigcinē	asigcinanga	esingagcinanga	singagcinanga
2nd plural	nigcinile, nigcinē	enigcinile, enigcinē	nigcinile, nigcinē	anigcinanga	eningagcinanga	ningagcinanga
Class 1	ugcinile, ugcinē	ogcinile, ogcinē	egcinile, egcinē	akagcinanga	ongagcinanga	engagcinanga
Class 2	bagcinile, bagcinē	abagcinile, abagcinē	begcinile, begcinē	abagcinanga	abangagcinanga	bengagcinanga
Class 3	ugcinile, ugcinē	ogcinile, ogcinē	ugcinile, ugcinē	awugcinanga	ongagcinanga	ungagcinanga
Class 4	igcinile, igcinē	egcinile, egcinē	igcinile, igcinē	ayigcinanga	engagcinanga	ingagcinanga
Class 5	ligcinile, ligcinē	eligcinile, eligcinē	ligcinile, ligcinē	aligcinanga	elingagcinanga	lingagcinanga
Class 6	agcinile, agcinē	agcinile, agcinē	egcinile, egcinē	awagcinanga	angagcinanga	engagcinanga
Class 7	sigcinile, sigcinē	esigcinile, esigcinē	sigcinile, sigcinē	asigcinanga	esingagcinanga	singagcinanga
Class 8	zigcinile, zigcinē	ezigcinile, ezigcinē	zigcinile, zigcinē	azigcinanga	ezingagcinanga	zingagcinanga
Class 9	igcinile, igcinē	egcinile, egcinē	igcinile, igcinē	ayigcinanga	engagcinanga	ingagcinanga
Class 10	zigcinile, zigcinē	ezigcinile, ezigcinē	zigcinile, zigcinē	azigcinanga	ezingagcinanga	zingagcinanga
Class 11	lugcinile, lugcinē	olugcinile, olugcinē	lugcinile, lugcinē	alugcinanga	olungagcinanga	lungagcinanga
Class 14	bugcinile, bugcinē	obugcinile, obugcinē	bugcinile, bugcinē	abugcinanga	obungagcinanga	bungagcinanga
Class 15	kugcinile, kugcinē	okugcinile, okugcinē	kugcinile, kugcinē	akugcinanga	okungagcinanga	kungagcinanga
Class 17	kugcinile, kugcinē	okugcinile, okugcinē	kugcinile, kugcinē	akugcinanga	okungagcinanga	kungagcinanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāgcina	engāgcina	ngāgcina	angigcinanga	engingagcinanga	ngingagcinanga
2nd singular	wāgcina	owāgcina	wāgcina	awugcinanga	ongagcinanga	ungagcinanga
1st plural	sāgcina	esāgcina	sāgcina	asigcinanga	esingagcinanga	singagcinanga
2nd plural	nāgcina	enāgcina	nāgcina	anigcinanga	eningagcinanga	ningagcinanga
Class 1	wāgcina	owāgcina	āgcina	akagcinanga	ongagcinanga	engagcinanga
Class 2	bāgcina	abāgcina	bāgcina	abagcinanga	abangagcinanga	bengagcinanga
Class 3	wāgcina	owāgcina	wāgcina	awugcinanga	ongagcinanga	ungagcinanga
Class 4	yāgcina	eyāgcina	yāgcina	ayigcinanga	engagcinanga	ingagcinanga
Class 5	lāgcina	elāgcina	lāgcina	aligcinanga	elingagcinanga	lingagcinanga
Class 6	āgcina	āgcina	āgcina	awagcinanga	angagcinanga	engagcinanga
Class 7	sāgcina	esāgcina	sāgcina	asigcinanga	esingagcinanga	singagcinanga
Class 8	zāgcina	ezāgcina	zāgcina	azigcinanga	ezingagcinanga	zingagcinanga
Class 9	yāgcina	eyāgcina	yāgcina	ayigcinanga	engagcinanga	ingagcinanga
Class 10	zāgcina	ezāgcina	zāgcina	azigcinanga	ezingagcinanga	zingagcinanga
Class 11	lwāgcina	olwāgcina	lwāgcina	alugcinanga	olungagcinanga	lungagcinanga
Class 14	bāgcina	obāgcina	bāgcina	abugcinanga	obungagcinanga	bungagcinanga
Class 15	kwāgcina	okwāgcina	kwāgcina	akugcinanga	okungagcinanga	kungagcinanga
Class 17	kwāgcina	okwāgcina	kwāgcina	akugcinanga	okungagcinanga	kungagcinanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingagcina	—	ngingagcina	ngingegcine	—	ngingegcine
2nd singular	ungagcina	—	ungagcina	ungegcine	—	ungegcine
1st plural	singagcina	—	singagcina	singegcine	—	singegcine
2nd plural	ningagcina	—	ningagcina	ningegcine	—	ningegcine
Class 1	angagcina	—	engagcina	angegcine	—	engegcine
Class 2	bangagcina	—	bengagcina	bangegcine	—	bengegcine
Class 3	ungagcina	—	ungagcina	ungegcine	—	ungegcine
Class 4	ingagcina	—	ingagcina	ingegcine	—	ingegcine
Class 5	lingagcina	—	lingagcina	lingegcine	—	lingegcine
Class 6	angagcina	—	engagcina	angegcine	—	engegcine
Class 7	singagcina	—	singagcina	singegcine	—	singegcine
Class 8	zingagcina	—	zingagcina	zingegcine	—	zingegcine
Class 9	ingagcina	—	ingagcina	ingegcine	—	ingegcine
Class 10	zingagcina	—	zingagcina	zingegcine	—	zingegcine
Class 11	lungagcina	—	lungagcina	lungegcine	—	lungegcine
Class 14	bungagcina	—	bungagcina	bungegcine	—	bungegcine
Class 15	kungagcina	—	kungagcina	kungegcine	—	kungegcine
Class 17	kungagcina	—	kungagcina	kungegcine	—	kungegcine
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizogcina	engizogcina	ngizogcina	angizugcina	engingezugcina	ngingezugcina
2nd singular	uzogcina	ozogcina	uzogcina	awuzugcina	ongezugcina	ungezugcina
1st plural	sizogcina	esizogcina	sizogcina	asizugcina	esingezugcina	singezugcina
2nd plural	nizogcina	enizogcina	nizogcina	anizugcina	eningezugcina	ningezugcina
Class 1	uzogcina	ozogcina	ezogcina	akazugcina	ongezugcina	engezugcina
Class 2	bazogcina	abazogcina	bezogcina	abazugcina	abangezugcina	bengezugcina
Class 3	uzogcina	ozogcina	uzogcina	awuzugcina	ongezugcina	ungezugcina
Class 4	izogcina	ezogcina	izogcina	ayizugcina	engezugcina	ingezugcina
Class 5	lizogcina	elizogcina	lizogcina	alizugcina	elingezugcina	lingezugcina
Class 6	azogcina	azogcina	ezogcina	awazugcina	angezugcina	engezugcina
Class 7	sizogcina	esizogcina	sizogcina	asizugcina	esingezugcina	singezugcina
Class 8	zizogcina	ezizogcina	zizogcina	azizugcina	ezingezugcina	zingezugcina
Class 9	izogcina	ezogcina	izogcina	ayizugcina	engezugcina	ingezugcina
Class 10	zizogcina	ezizogcina	zizogcina	azizugcina	ezingezugcina	zingezugcina
Class 11	luzogcina	oluzogcina	luzogcina	aluzugcina	olungezugcina	lungezugcina
Class 14	buzogcina	obuzogcina	buzogcina	abuzugcina	obungezugcina	bungezugcina
Class 15	kuzogcina	okuzogcina	kuzogcina	akuzugcina	okungezugcina	kungezugcina
Class 17	kuzogcina	okuzogcina	kuzogcina	akuzugcina	okungezugcina	kungezugcina
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyogcina	engiyogcina	ngiyogcina	angiyugcina	engingeyugcina	ngingeyugcina
2nd singular	uyogcina	oyogcina	uyogcina	awuyugcina	ongeyugcina	ungeyugcina
1st plural	siyogcina	esiyogcina	siyogcina	asiyugcina	esingeyugcina	singeyugcina
2nd plural	niyogcina	eniyogcina	niyogcina	aniyugcina	eningeyugcina	ningeyugcina
Class 1	uyogcina	oyogcina	eyogcina	akayugcina	ongeyugcina	engeyugcina
Class 2	bayogcina	abayogcina	beyogcina	abayugcina	abangeyugcina	bengeyugcina
Class 3	uyogcina	oyogcina	uyogcina	awuyugcina	ongeyugcina	ungeyugcina
Class 4	iyogcina	eyogcina	iyogcina	ayiyugcina	engeyugcina	ingeyugcina
Class 5	liyogcina	eliyogcina	liyogcina	aliyugcina	elingeyugcina	lingeyugcina
Class 6	ayogcina	ayogcina	eyogcina	awayugcina	angeyugcina	engeyugcina
Class 7	siyogcina	esiyogcina	siyogcina	asiyugcina	esingeyugcina	singeyugcina
Class 8	ziyogcina	eziyogcina	ziyogcina	aziyugcina	ezingeyugcina	zingeyugcina
Class 9	iyogcina	eyogcina	iyogcina	ayiyugcina	engeyugcina	ingeyugcina
Class 10	ziyogcina	eziyogcina	ziyogcina	aziyugcina	ezingeyugcina	zingeyugcina
Class 11	luyogcina	oluyogcina	luyogcina	aluyugcina	olungeyugcina	lungeyugcina
Class 14	buyogcina	obuyogcina	buyogcina	abuyugcina	obungeyugcina	bungeyugcina
Class 15	kuyogcina	okuyogcina	kuyogcina	akuyugcina	okungeyugcina	kungeyugcina
Class 17	kuyogcina	okuyogcina	kuyogcina	akuyugcina	okungeyugcina	kungeyugcina
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngigcine	ngingagcini
2nd singular	ugcine	ungagcini
1st plural	sigcine	singagcini
2nd plural	nigcine	ningagcini
Class 1	agcine	angagcini
Class 2	bagcine	bangagcini
Class 3	ugcine	ungagcini
Class 4	igcine	ingagcini
Class 5	ligcine	lingagcini
Class 6	agcine	angagcini
Class 7	sigcine	singagcini
Class 8	zigcine	zingagcini
Class 9	igcine	ingagcini
Class 10	zigcine	zingagcini
Class 11	lugcine	lungagcini
Class 14	bugcine	bungagcini
Class 15	kugcine	kungagcini
Class 17	kugcine	kungagcini
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngagcina	ngangagcina, angagcina, angangagcina
2nd singular	wagcina	wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina
1st plural	sagcina	sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina
2nd plural	nagcina	nangagcina, anagcina, anangagcina
Class 1	wagcina	wangagcina, akagcina, akangagcina
Class 2	bagcina	bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina
Class 3	wagcina	wangagcina, awagcina, awangagcina
Class 4	yagcina	yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina
Class 5	lagcina	langagcina, alagcina, alangagcina
Class 6	agcina	angagcina, awagcina, awangagcina
Class 7	sagcina	sangagcina, asagcina, asangagcina
Class 8	zagcina	zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina
Class 9	yagcina	yangagcina, ayagcina, ayangagcina
Class 10	zagcina	zangagcina, azagcina, azangagcina
Class 11	lwagcina	lwangagcina, alwagcina, alwangagcina
Class 14	bagcina	bangagcina, abagcina, abangagcina
Class 15	kwagcina	kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina
Class 17	kwagcina	kwangagcina, akwagcina, akwangagcina

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gcina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gcina (6.3)”