gandum

English

Noun

gandum (plural gandums)

1. A Persian measure of weight, one quarter of a nakhod.

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• gandoem (pre-1947)

Etymology

From earlier gandoem, from Malay gandum, from Classical Malay gandum (“wheat”), from Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /⁠gannum⁠/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (H^g /⁠gan(d)um⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡan.dʊm]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gan‧dum

Noun

gandum (plural gandum-gandum)

1. wheat

   Synonym: terigu

Derived terms

• tepung gandum

Further reading

• “gandum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Alternative forms

• gandoem (East Indies, pre-1947)

Etymology

From Persian گندم (gandom), from Middle Persian 𐫃𐫗𐫇𐫖 (gnwm /⁠gannum⁠/, “wheat”), (in book Pahlavi 𐭤𐭢 (H^g /⁠gan(d)um⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian, from possibly Semitic (compare Proto-Semitic *ḥnṭ).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /ɡan.dom/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /ɡan.dʊm/
• Rhymes: -dom, -om

Noun

gandum (Jawi spelling ݢندوم, plural gandum-gandum, informal 1st possessive gandumku, 2nd possessive gandummu, 3rd possessive gandumnya)

1. wheat

   Synonym: terigu

Derived terms

• tepung gandum

Descendants

• Indonesian: gandum

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “ݢندم gandoem”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 107
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “ݢندم gandom”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 579
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “gandum”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 325

Further reading

• “gandum” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• "gandum" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.