galérer

French

Etymology

From galère (“ordeal”) +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡa.le.ʁe/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

galérer

1. (informal, intransitive) to have a hard time (be in difficulties)

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written galérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written galèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of galérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	galérer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	galérant /ɡa.le.ʁɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		galéré /ɡa.le.ʁe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	galère /ɡa.lɛʁ/	galères /ɡa.lɛʁ/	galère /ɡa.lɛʁ/	galérons /ɡa.le.ʁɔ̃/	galérez /ɡa.le.ʁe/	galèrent /ɡa.lɛʁ/
	imperfect	galérais /ɡa.le.ʁɛ/	galérais /ɡa.le.ʁɛ/	galérait /ɡa.le.ʁɛ/	galérions /ɡa.le.ʁjɔ̃/	galériez /ɡa.le.ʁje/	galéraient /ɡa.le.ʁɛ/
	past historic2	galérai /ɡa.le.ʁe/	galéras /ɡa.le.ʁa/	galéra /ɡa.le.ʁa/	galérâmes /ɡa.le.ʁam/	galérâtes /ɡa.le.ʁat/	galérèrent /ɡa.le.ʁɛʁ/
	future	galèrerai or galérerai /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁe/	galèreras or galéreras /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁa/	galèrera or galérera /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁa/	galèrerons or galérerons /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/	galèrerez or galérerez /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁe/	galèreront or galéreront /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	galèrerais or galérerais /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁɛ/	galèrerais or galérerais /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁɛ/	galèrerait or galérerait /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁɛ/	galèrerions or galérerions /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/	galèreriez or galéreriez /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁje/	galèreraient or galéreraient /ɡa.lɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɡa.le.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	galère /ɡa.lɛʁ/	galères /ɡa.lɛʁ/	galère /ɡa.lɛʁ/	galérions /ɡa.le.ʁjɔ̃/	galériez /ɡa.le.ʁje/	galèrent /ɡa.lɛʁ/
	imperfect2	galérasse /ɡa.le.ʁas/	galérasses /ɡa.le.ʁas/	galérât /ɡa.le.ʁa/	galérassions /ɡa.le.ʁa.sjɔ̃/	galérassiez /ɡa.le.ʁa.sje/	galérassent /ɡa.le.ʁas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	galère /ɡa.lɛʁ/	—	galérons /ɡa.le.ʁɔ̃/	galérez /ɡa.le.ʁe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).