gaeafgysgu

Welsh

Ystlum y gogledd, Eptesicus nilssonii, yn gaeafgysgu yn Norwy

Etymology

gaeaf (“winter”) +‎ cysgu (“to sleep”)

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəsɡɨ/, [ˌɡeɨ̯avˈɡəskɨ]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˌɡei̯avˈɡəsɡi/, [ˌɡei̯avˈɡəski]

Verb

gaeafgysgu (first-person singular present gaeafgysgaf)

1. (biology) hibernate

   Mae'r draenog yn paratoi ei nyth cyn iddo aeafgysgu am sawl mis.

   The hedgehog prepares its next before it hibernating for several months.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	gaeafgysgaf	gaeafgysgi	gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga	gaeafgysgwn	gaeafgysgwch	gaeafgysgant	gaeafgysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	gaeafgysgwn	gaeafgysgit	gaeafgysgai	gaeafgysgem	gaeafgysgech	gaeafgysgent	gaeafgysgid
preterite	gaeafgysgais	gaeafgysgaist	gaeafgysgodd	gaeafgysgasom	gaeafgysgasoch	gaeafgysgasant	gaeafgysgwyd
pluperfect	gaeafgysgaswn	gaeafgysgasit	gaeafgysgasai	gaeafgysgasem	gaeafgysgasech	gaeafgysgasent	gaeafgysgasid, gaeafgysgesid
present subjunctive	gaeafgysgwyf	gaeafgysgych	gaeafgysgo	gaeafgysgom	gaeafgysgoch	gaeafgysgont	gaeafgysger
imperative	—	gaeafgwsg, gaeafgysga	gaeafgysged	gaeafgysgwn	gaeafgysgwch	gaeafgysgent	gaeafgysger
verbal noun	gaeafgysgu
verbal adjectives	gaeafgysgedig gaeafgysgadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gaeafgysga i, gaeafgysgaf i	gaeafgysgi di	gaeafgysgith o/e/hi, gaeafgysgiff e/hi	gaeafgysgwn ni	gaeafgysgwch chi	gaeafgysgan nhw
conditional	gaeafgysgwn i, gaeafgysgswn i	gaeafgysget ti, gaeafgysgset ti	gaeafgysgai fo/fe/hi, gaeafgysgsai fo/fe/hi	gaeafgysgen ni, gaeafgysgsen ni	gaeafgysgech chi, gaeafgysgsech chi	gaeafgysgen nhw, gaeafgysgsen nhw
preterite	gaeafgysgais i, gaeafgysges i	gaeafgysgaist ti, gaeafgysgest ti	gaeafgysgodd o/e/hi	gaeafgysgon ni	gaeafgysgoch chi	gaeafgysgon nhw
imperative	—	gaeafgysga	—	—	gaeafgysgwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Coordinate terms

• hafgysgu (“to aestivate”)

Related terms

• gaeafgwsg (“hibernation”)
• gaeafa (“to winter, to overwinter”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of gaeafgysgu

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gaeafgysgu	aeafgysgu	ngaeafgysgu	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gaeafgysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies