frisbrudi
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Le Mair proposes a novel etymology for this verb, reconstructing a Proto-Celtic *brodīti, derived from an o-grade causative/iterative formation Proto-Indo-European *bʰredʰ- (“to wade, ford”) only otherwise attested in Balto-Slavic. She explains the verb's meaning as arising from a figure of speech in which a rejected person would be forced to wade across a proverbial aquatic crossing, like a ford.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]fris·brudi (verbal noun frithbruduth)
- to refuse, reject
- Synonym: as·toing
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 44b12
- .i. indí fris·brudi .i. di·sluindi ón.
- i.e. of he who refuses, i.e. that is, who denies.
Inflection
[edit]Complex, class A II present, s preterite
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | fris·brudi | fris·brúdémor | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | frisnda·bruid (with infixed pronoun da-) | |||||||
| Prot. | ·frithbruid | ·frithbruidset | ·frithbruithed | ||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | frithbruduth | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| fris·brudi | fris·brudi pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/ |
fris·mbrudi |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Le Mair, Esther (2011 September 30) Secondary Verbs in Old Irish: A comparative-historical study of patterns of verbal derivation in the Old Irish Glosses, Galway: National University of Ireland, page 216
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fris-brudi”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language