fajul
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]faj + -ul (verb-forming suffix).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]
Verb
[edit]fajul
- (intransitive) to degenerate (into something: -vá/-vé; to a specified extent: -ig), to deteriorate, to get bad
- Synonym: degenerálódik
- Az önbizalom néha önelégültséggé fajulhat. ― Self-confidence can sometimes degenerate into self-satisfaction.
- A jelenlegi helyzet azt mutatja meg, hogy meddig fajulhatnak a dolgok. ― The current situation shows how bad things can get.
- A dolgok odáig fajultak, hogy a rendőrök is féltek. ― Things got so bad/deteriorated to such an extent that even the police were scared.
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of fajul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fajulok | fajulsz | fajul | fajulunk | fajultok | fajulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fajultam | fajultál | fajult | fajultunk | fajultatok | fajultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fajulni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fajulék | fajulál | fajula | fajulánk | fajulátok | fajulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fajul vala, fajult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fajulandok | fajulandasz | fajuland | fajulandunk | fajulandotok | fajulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fajulnék | fajulnál | fajulna | fajulnánk | fajulnátok | fajulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fajult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fajuljak | fajulj or fajuljál |
fajuljon | fajuljunk | fajuljatok | fajuljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fajult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | fajulni | fajulnom | fajulnod | fajulnia | fajulnunk | fajulnotok | fajulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| fajulás | fajuló | fajult | ― | fajulva (fajulván) | |||||
potential conjugation of fajul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fajulhatok | fajulhatsz | fajulhat | fajulhatunk | fajulhattok | fajulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fajulhattam | fajulhattál | fajulhatott | fajulhattunk | fajulhattatok | fajulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fajulhaték | fajulhatál | fajulhata | fajulhatánk | fajulhatátok | fajulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fajulhat vala, fajulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fajulhatandok or fajulandhatok |
fajulhatandasz or fajulandhatsz |
fajulhatand or fajulandhat |
fajulhatandunk or fajulandhatunk |
fajulhatandotok or fajulandhattok |
fajulhatandanak or fajulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fajulhatnék | fajulhatnál | fajulhatna | fajulhatnánk | fajulhatnátok | fajulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fajulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fajulhassak | fajulhass or fajulhassál |
fajulhasson | fajulhassunk | fajulhassatok | fajulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fajulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (fajulhatni) | (fajulhatnom) | (fajulhatnod) | (fajulhatnia) | (fajulhatnunk) | (fajulhatnotok) | (fajulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (fajulhatva / fajulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ fajul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (“Explanatory Dictionary Plus”). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- fajul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- fajul in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).