exhéréder
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin exhērēdāre. Related to héritier, etc.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]exhéréder
- (law, transitive) to disinherit
Usage notes
[edit]The standard word is déshériter; exhéréder is formal and restricted to legal discourse.
Conjugation
[edit]This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written exhéréder-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written exhérèder-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
| infinitive | simple | exhéréder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | exhérédant /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | exhérédé /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | exhérède /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
exhérèdes /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
exhérède /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
exhérédons /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɔ̃/ |
exhérédez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.de/ |
exhérèdent /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
| imperfect | exhérédais /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɛ/ |
exhérédais /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɛ/ |
exhérédait /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɛ/ |
exhérédions /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.djɔ̃/ |
exhérédiez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dje/ |
exhérédaient /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | exhérédai /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.de/ |
exhérédas /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.da/ |
exhéréda /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.da/ |
exhérédâmes /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dam/ |
exhérédâtes /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dat/ |
exhérédèrent /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | exhérèderai or exhéréderai /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁe/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁe/ |
exhérèderas or exhéréderas /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁa/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁa/ |
exhérèdera or exhérédera /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁa/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁa/ |
exhérèderons or exhéréderons /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁɔ̃/ |
exhérèderez or exhéréderez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁe/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁe/ |
exhérèderont or exhéréderont /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | exhérèderais or exhéréderais /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁɛ/ |
exhérèderais or exhéréderais /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁɛ/ |
exhérèderait or exhéréderait /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁɛ/ |
exhérèderions or exhéréderions /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
exhérèderiez or exhéréderiez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.də.ʁje/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.də.ʁje/ |
exhérèderaient or exhéréderaient /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛ.dʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | exhérède /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
exhérèdes /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
exhérède /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
exhérédions /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.djɔ̃/ |
exhérédiez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dje/ |
exhérèdent /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
| imperfect2 | exhérédasse /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.das/ |
exhérédasses /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.das/ |
exhérédât /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.da/ |
exhérédassions /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.da.sjɔ̃/ |
exhérédassiez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.da.sje/ |
exhérédassent /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | exhérède /ɛɡ.ze.ʁɛd/ |
— | exhérédons /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.dɔ̃/ |
exhérédez /ɛɡ.ze.ʁe.de/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “exhéréder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.