excaldo

Latin

Etymology

From ex- +‎ caldus (“hot”) +‎ -ō (verb-forming suffix), the second element from earlier calidus.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eksˈkal.doː/, [ɛks̠ˈkäɫ̪d̪oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eksˈkal.do/, [eksˈkäl̪d̪o]

Verb

excaldō (present infinitive excaldāre, perfect active excaldāvī, supine excaldātum); first conjugation

(Late Latin) to wash or bathe in warm or hot water

Conjugation

Conjugation of excaldō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	excaldō	excaldās		excaldat	excaldāmus	excaldātis		excaldant
	imperfect	excaldābam	excaldābās		excaldābat	excaldābāmus	excaldābātis		excaldābant
	future	excaldābō	excaldābis		excaldābit	excaldābimus	excaldābitis		excaldābunt
	perfect	excaldāvī	excaldāvistī		excaldāvit	excaldāvimus	excaldāvistis		excaldāvērunt, excaldāvēre
	pluperfect	excaldāveram	excaldāverās		excaldāverat	excaldāverāmus	excaldāverātis		excaldāverant
	future perfect	excaldāverō	excaldāveris		excaldāverit	excaldāverimus	excaldāveritis		excaldāverint
passive	present	excaldor	excaldāris, excaldāre		excaldātur	excaldāmur	excaldāminī		excaldantur
	imperfect	excaldābar	excaldābāris, excaldābāre		excaldābātur	excaldābāmur	excaldābāminī		excaldābantur
	future	excaldābor	excaldāberis, excaldābere		excaldābitur	excaldābimur	excaldābiminī		excaldābuntur
	perfect	excaldātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	excaldātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	excaldātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	excaldem	excaldēs		excaldet	excaldēmus	excaldētis		excaldent
	imperfect	excaldārem	excaldārēs		excaldāret	excaldārēmus	excaldārētis		excaldārent
	perfect	excaldāverim	excaldāverīs		excaldāverit	excaldāverīmus	excaldāverītis		excaldāverint
	pluperfect	excaldāvissem	excaldāvissēs		excaldāvisset	excaldāvissēmus	excaldāvissētis		excaldāvissent
passive	present	excalder	excaldēris, excaldēre		excaldētur	excaldēmur	excaldēminī		excaldentur
	imperfect	excaldārer	excaldārēris, excaldārēre		excaldārētur	excaldārēmur	excaldārēminī		excaldārentur
	perfect	excaldātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	excaldātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	excaldā		—	—	excaldāte		—
active	future	—	excaldātō		excaldātō	—	excaldātōte		excaldantō
passive	present	—	excaldāre		—	—	excaldāminī		—
passive	future	—	excaldātor		excaldātor	—	—		excaldantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		excaldāre		excaldārī		excaldāns		—
future		excaldātūrum esse		excaldātum īrī		excaldātūrus		excaldandus
perfect		excaldāvisse		excaldātum esse		—		excaldātus
future perfect		—		excaldātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		excaldātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		excaldandī	excaldandō		excaldandum	excaldandō	excaldātum		excaldātū

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: scaldu
- Romanian: scălda
Italo-Romance:
- Italian: scaldare
- Neapolitan:
  Ausonia: scautà
  
  Matera: scallà
- Sicilian: scaudari, scuadari, squadari, scuarari, scaurijari
North Italian:
- Rhaeto-Romance:
  - Friulian: scjaldâ, sčhaldâ
Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: èchôdar
- Old French: eschauder, eschalder, escalder, escauder, ecauder, eschadier, eçcauder, eçcaudir
  - Franc-Comtois: âchaudai
  - Middle French: eschauder
    - French: échauder
  - Lorrain: échouder, étsouder
  - Norman: écauder
  - Walloon: hauder, hôder
  - → Middle English: scalden, scalde, skalden, scolden, schalden, scholden
    - English: scald
    - Yola: scaul, scaulte, scalte (adj.)
Occitano-Romance:
- Catalan: escaldar
- Occitan: escaudar
Ibero-Romance:
- Galician: escaldar
- Portuguese: escaldar
- Spanish: escaldar
Insular Romance:
- ⇒ Sardinian: iscadda (“boiling water”)

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “excaldare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 3: D–F, page 263