estimer
French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French estimer, inherited from Old French estimer, learned borrowing from Latin aestimāre.
Replaced inherited Old French esmer that had become homonymous with aimer.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estimer
- (transitive) to estimate, to calculate roughly
- (transitive) to esteem, to hold in high regard
- (transitive) to give some thought to, to consider
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | estimer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | estimant /ɛs.ti.mɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | estimé /ɛs.ti.me/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estime /ɛs.tim/2 |
estimes /ɛs.tim/ |
estime /ɛs.tim/ |
estimons /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/ |
estimez /ɛs.ti.me/ |
estiment /ɛs.tim/ |
imperfect | estimais /ɛs.ti.mɛ/ |
estimais /ɛs.ti.mɛ/ |
estimait /ɛs.ti.mɛ/ |
estimions /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/ |
estimiez /ɛs.ti.mje/ |
estimaient /ɛs.ti.mɛ/ | |
past historic3 | estimai /ɛs.ti.me/ |
estimas /ɛs.ti.ma/ |
estima /ɛs.ti.ma/ |
estimâmes /ɛs.ti.mam/ |
estimâtes /ɛs.ti.mat/ |
estimèrent /ɛs.ti.mɛʁ/ | |
future | estimerai /ɛs.tim.ʁe/ |
estimeras /ɛs.tim.ʁa/ |
estimera /ɛs.tim.ʁa/ |
estimerons /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/ |
estimerez /ɛs.tim.ʁe/ |
estimeront /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | estimerais /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/ |
estimerais /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/ |
estimerait /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/ |
estimerions /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
estimeriez /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁje/ |
estimeraient /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior3 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estime /ɛs.tim/2 |
estimes /ɛs.tim/ |
estime /ɛs.tim/ |
estimions /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/ |
estimiez /ɛs.ti.mje/ |
estiment /ɛs.tim/ |
imperfect3 | estimasse /ɛs.ti.mas/ |
estimasses /ɛs.ti.mas/ |
estimât /ɛs.ti.ma/ |
estimassions /ɛs.ti.ma.sjɔ̃/ |
estimassiez /ɛs.ti.ma.sje/ |
estimassent /ɛs.ti.mas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect3 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | estime /ɛs.tim/ |
— | estimons /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/ |
estimez /ɛs.ti.me/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 estimé when inverted. | |||||||
3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Descendants
[edit]- → Norwegian Bokmål: estimere
Further reading
[edit]- “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old French estimer, borrowed from Latin aestimō, from Old Latin aestumō. Replaced inherited Old French esmer.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estimer
Conjugation
[edit]- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
infinitive | simple | estimer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | estimant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | estimé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estime | estimes | estime | estimons | estimez | estiment |
imperfect | estimois, estimoys | estimois, estimoys | estimoit, estimoyt | estimions, estimyons | estimiez, estimyez | estimoient, estimoyent | |
past historic | estima | estimas | estima | estimasmes | estimastes | estimerent | |
future | estimerai, estimeray | estimeras | estimera | estimerons | estimerez | estimeront | |
conditional | estimerois, estimeroys | estimerois, estimeroys | estimeroit, estimeroyt | estimerions, estimeryons | estimeriez, estimeryez | estimeroient, estimeroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | estime | estimes | estime | estimons | estimez | estiment |
imperfect | estimasse | estimasses | estimast | estimassions | estimassiez | estimassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | estime | — | estimons | estimez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estimer
- imperative of estimere
- (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- esmer (inherited)
Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Latin aestimāre from the end of the 13th to the early 14th c.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]estimer
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | estimer | avoir estimé | |||||
gerund | en estimant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | estimant | ||||||
past participle | estimé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | estim | estimes | estime | estimons | estimez | estiment |
imperfect | estimoie, estimeie, estimoe, estimeve | estimoies, estimeies, estimoes, estimeves | estimoit, estimeit, estimot, estimeve | estimiiens, estimiens | estimiiez, estimiez | estimoient, estimeient, estimoent, estimevent | |
preterite | estimai | estimas | estima | estimames | estimastes | estimerent | |
future | estimerai | estimeras | estimera | estimerons | estimeroiz, estimereiz, estimerez | estimeront | |
conditional | estimeroie, estimereie | estimeroies, estimereies | estimeroit, estimereit | estimeriiens, estimeriens | estimeriiez, estimeriez | estimeroient, estimereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | estim | estins | estint | estimons | estimez | estiment |
imperfect | estimasse | estimasses | estimast | estimissons, estimissiens | estimissoiz, estimissez, estimissiez | estimassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | estime | — | estimons | estimez | — |
Descendants
[edit]- Middle French: estimer
Further readings
[edit]- “estimer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (estimer)
- estimer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
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