esternuer

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French esternuer, esternuder, from Latin sternuto, sternutare.

Verb

esternuer

1. to sneeze

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of esternuer

infinitive	simple	esternuer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	esternuant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		esternué
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	esternue	esternues	esternue	esternuons	esternuez	esternuent
	imperfect	esternuois, esternuoys	esternuois, esternuoys	esternuoit, esternuoyt	esternuions, esternuyons	esternuiez, esternuyez	esternuoient, esternuoyent
	past historic	esternua	esternuas	esternua	esternuasmes	esternuastes	esternuerent
	future	esternuerai, esternueray	esternueras	esternuera	esternuerons	esternuerez	esternueront
	conditional	esternuerois, esternueroys	esternuerois, esternueroys	esternueroit, esternueroyt	esternuerions, esternueryons	esternueriez, esternueryez	esternueroient, esternueroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	esternue	esternues	esternue	esternuons	esternuez	esternuent
	imperfect	esternuasse	esternuasses	esternuast	esternuassions	esternuassiez	esternuassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	esternue	—	esternuons	esternuez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Related terms

• esternuement

Descendants

• French: éternuer