esparnier
Appearance
Old French
[edit]Verb
[edit]esparnier
- Alternative form of espargnier
- c. 1150, Turoldus, La Chanson de Roland:
- Tuz sunt ocis cist Franceis chevalers,
Ne mes seisante, que Deus i ad esparniez- All the French soldiers were killed
All but sixty, that God had spared
- All the French soldiers were killed
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. The forms that would normally end in *-rns, *-rnt are modified to rz, rt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of esparnier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esparnier | avoir esparnié | |||||
gerund | en esparnant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | esparnant | ||||||
past participle | esparnié | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | esparn | esparnes | esparne | esparnons | esparniez | esparnent |
imperfect | esparnoie, esparneie, esparnoe, esparnieve | esparnoies, esparneies, esparnoes, esparnieves | esparnoit, esparneit, esparnot, esparnieve | esparniiens, esparniens | esparniiez, esparniez | esparnoient, esparneient, esparnoent, esparnievent | |
preterite | esparnai | esparnas | esparna | esparnames | esparnastes | esparnierent | |
future | esparnerai | esparneras | esparnera | esparnerons | esparneroiz, esparnereiz, esparnerez | esparneront | |
conditional | esparneroie, esparnereie | esparneroies, esparnereies | esparneroit, esparnereit | esparneriiens, esparneriens | esparneriiez, esparneriez | esparneroient, esparnereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | esparn | esparz | espart | esparnons | esparniez | esparnent |
imperfect | esparnasse | esparnasses | esparnast | esparnissons, esparnissiens | esparnissoiz, esparnissez, esparnissiez | esparnassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esparne | — | esparnons | esparniez | — |