espargner

Middle French

Etymology

Frankish *sparanjan.

Verb

espargner

1. to spare (from death, punishment, etc.)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of espargner

infinitive	simple	espargner
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	espargnant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		espargné
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	espargne	espargnes	espargne	espargnons	espargnez	espargnent
	imperfect	espargnois, espargnoys	espargnois, espargnoys	espargnoit, espargnoyt	espargnions, espargnyons	espargniez, espargnyez	espargnoient, espargnoyent
	past historic	espargna	espargnas	espargna	espargnasmes	espargnastes	espargnerent
	future	espargnerai, espargneray	espargneras	espargnera	espargnerons	espargnerez	espargneront
	conditional	espargnerois, espargneroys	espargnerois, espargneroys	espargneroit, espargneroyt	espargnerions, espargneryons	espargneriez, espargneryez	espargneroient, espargneroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	espargne	espargnes	espargne	espargnons	espargnez	espargnent
	imperfect	espargnasse	espargnasses	espargnast	espargnassions	espargnassiez	espargnassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	espargne	—	espargnons	espargnez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: épargner

Old French

Verb

espargner

1. Alternative form of espargnier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-rgn, *-rgns, *-rgnt are modified to rng, rz, rt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of espargner (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		espargner			avoir espargné
gerund		en espargnant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		espargnant
past participle		espargné
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	esparng	espargnes	espargne	espargnons	espargnez	espargnent
	imperfect	espargnoie, espargneie, espargnoe, espargneve	espargnoies, espargneies, espargnoes, espargneves	espargnoit, espargneit, espargnot, espargneve	espargniiens, espargniens	espargniiez, espargniez	espargnoient, espargneient, espargnoent, espargnevent
	preterite	espargnai	espargnas	espargna	espargnames	espargnastes	espargnerent
	future	espargnerai	espargneras	espargnera	espargnerons	espargneroiz, espargnereiz, espargnerez	espargneront
	conditional	espargneroie, espargnereie	espargneroies, espargnereies	espargneroit, espargnereit	espargneriiens, espargneriens	espargneriiez, espargneriez	espargneroient, espargnereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	esparng	esparz	espart	espargnons	espargnez	espargnent
	imperfect	espargnasse	espargnasses	espargnast	espargnissons, espargnissiens	espargnissoiz, espargnissez, espargnissiez	espargnassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	espargne	—	espargnons	espargnez	—

Descendants

• French: épargner