eshwama

Zulu

Verb

-eshwama^?

1. (intransitive) to perform the first-fruits ceremony
2. (intransitive) to taste the new crops

Inflection

Tone unknown
Infinitive	ukweshwama
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukweshwama	ukungeshwami
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yeshwama	-eshwame
Plural	yeshwamani	-eshwameni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyeshwama, ngeshwama	engeshwamayo, engeshwama	ngeshwama	angeshwami	engingeshwami	ngingeshwami
2nd singular	uyeshwama, weshwama	oweshwamayo, oweshwama	weshwama	aweshwami	ongeshwami	ungeshwami
1st plural	siyeshwama, seshwama	eseshwamayo, eseshwama	seshwama	aseshwami	esingeshwami	singeshwami
2nd plural	niyeshwama, neshwama	eneshwamayo, eneshwama	neshwama	aneshwami	eningeshwami	ningeshwami
Class 1	uyeshwama, weshwama	oweshwamayo, oweshwama	eshwama	akeshwami	ongeshwami	engeshwami
Class 2	bayeshwama, beshwama	abeshwamayo, abeshwama	beshwama	abeshwami	abangeshwami	bengeshwami
Class 3	uyeshwama, weshwama	oweshwamayo, oweshwama	weshwama	aweshwami	ongeshwami	ungeshwami
Class 4	iyeshwama, yeshwama	eyeshwamayo, eyeshwama	yeshwama	ayeshwami	engeshwami	ingeshwami
Class 5	liyeshwama, leshwama	eleshwamayo, eleshwama	leshwama	aleshwami	elingeshwami	lingeshwami
Class 6	ayeshwama, eshwama	eshwamayo, eshwama	eshwama	aweshwami	angeshwami	engeshwami
Class 7	siyeshwama, seshwama	eseshwamayo, eseshwama	seshwama	aseshwami	esingeshwami	singeshwami
Class 8	ziyeshwama, zeshwama	ezeshwamayo, ezeshwama	zeshwama	azeshwami	ezingeshwami	zingeshwami
Class 9	iyeshwama, yeshwama	eyeshwamayo, eyeshwama	yeshwama	ayeshwami	engeshwami	ingeshwami
Class 10	ziyeshwama, zeshwama	ezeshwamayo, ezeshwama	zeshwama	azeshwami	ezingeshwami	zingeshwami
Class 11	luyeshwama, lweshwama	olweshwamayo, olweshwama	lweshwama	alweshwami	olungeshwami	lungeshwami
Class 14	buyeshwama, beshwama	obeshwamayo, obeshwama	beshwama	abeshwami	obungeshwami	bungeshwami
Class 15	kuyeshwama, kweshwama	okweshwamayo, okweshwama	kweshwama	akweshwami	okungeshwami	kungeshwami
Class 17	kuyeshwama, kweshwama	okweshwamayo, okweshwama	kweshwama	akweshwami	okungeshwami	kungeshwami
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngeshwamile, ngeshwamē	engeshwamile, engeshwamē	ngeshwamile, ngeshwamē	angeshwamanga	engingeshwamanga	ngingeshwamanga
2nd singular	weshwamile, weshwamē	oweshwamile, oweshwamē	weshwamile, weshwamē	aweshwamanga	ongeshwamanga	ungeshwamanga
1st plural	seshwamile, seshwamē	eseshwamile, eseshwamē	seshwamile, seshwamē	aseshwamanga	esingeshwamanga	singeshwamanga
2nd plural	neshwamile, neshwamē	eneshwamile, eneshwamē	neshwamile, neshwamē	aneshwamanga	eningeshwamanga	ningeshwamanga
Class 1	weshwamile, weshwamē	oweshwamile, oweshwamē	eshwamile, eshwamē	akeshwamanga	ongeshwamanga	engeshwamanga
Class 2	beshwamile, beshwamē	abeshwamile, abeshwamē	beshwamile, beshwamē	abeshwamanga	abangeshwamanga	bengeshwamanga
Class 3	weshwamile, weshwamē	oweshwamile, oweshwamē	weshwamile, weshwamē	aweshwamanga	ongeshwamanga	ungeshwamanga
Class 4	yeshwamile, yeshwamē	eyeshwamile, eyeshwamē	yeshwamile, yeshwamē	ayeshwamanga	engeshwamanga	ingeshwamanga
Class 5	leshwamile, leshwamē	eleshwamile, eleshwamē	leshwamile, leshwamē	aleshwamanga	elingeshwamanga	lingeshwamanga
Class 6	eshwamile, eshwamē	eshwamile, eshwamē	eshwamile, eshwamē	aweshwamanga	angeshwamanga	engeshwamanga
Class 7	seshwamile, seshwamē	eseshwamile, eseshwamē	seshwamile, seshwamē	aseshwamanga	esingeshwamanga	singeshwamanga
Class 8	zeshwamile, zeshwamē	ezeshwamile, ezeshwamē	zeshwamile, zeshwamē	azeshwamanga	ezingeshwamanga	zingeshwamanga
Class 9	yeshwamile, yeshwamē	eyeshwamile, eyeshwamē	yeshwamile, yeshwamē	ayeshwamanga	engeshwamanga	ingeshwamanga
Class 10	zeshwamile, zeshwamē	ezeshwamile, ezeshwamē	zeshwamile, zeshwamē	azeshwamanga	ezingeshwamanga	zingeshwamanga
Class 11	lweshwamile, lweshwamē	olweshwamile, olweshwamē	lweshwamile, lweshwamē	alweshwamanga	olungeshwamanga	lungeshwamanga
Class 14	beshwamile, beshwamē	obeshwamile, obeshwamē	beshwamile, beshwamē	abeshwamanga	obungeshwamanga	bungeshwamanga
Class 15	kweshwamile, kweshwamē	okweshwamile, okweshwamē	kweshwamile, kweshwamē	akweshwamanga	okungeshwamanga	kungeshwamanga
Class 17	kweshwamile, kweshwamē	okweshwamile, okweshwamē	kweshwamile, kweshwamē	akweshwamanga	okungeshwamanga	kungeshwamanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngēshwama	engēshwama	ngēshwama	angeshwamanga	engingeshwamanga	ngingeshwamanga
2nd singular	wēshwama	owēshwama	wēshwama	aweshwamanga	ongeshwamanga	ungeshwamanga
1st plural	sēshwama	esēshwama	sēshwama	aseshwamanga	esingeshwamanga	singeshwamanga
2nd plural	nēshwama	enēshwama	nēshwama	aneshwamanga	eningeshwamanga	ningeshwamanga
Class 1	wēshwama	owēshwama	ēshwama	akeshwamanga	ongeshwamanga	engeshwamanga
Class 2	bēshwama	abēshwama	bēshwama	abeshwamanga	abangeshwamanga	bengeshwamanga
Class 3	wēshwama	owēshwama	wēshwama	aweshwamanga	ongeshwamanga	ungeshwamanga
Class 4	yēshwama	eyēshwama	yēshwama	ayeshwamanga	engeshwamanga	ingeshwamanga
Class 5	lēshwama	elēshwama	lēshwama	aleshwamanga	elingeshwamanga	lingeshwamanga
Class 6	ēshwama	ēshwama	ēshwama	aweshwamanga	angeshwamanga	engeshwamanga
Class 7	sēshwama	esēshwama	sēshwama	aseshwamanga	esingeshwamanga	singeshwamanga
Class 8	zēshwama	ezēshwama	zēshwama	azeshwamanga	ezingeshwamanga	zingeshwamanga
Class 9	yēshwama	eyēshwama	yēshwama	ayeshwamanga	engeshwamanga	ingeshwamanga
Class 10	zēshwama	ezēshwama	zēshwama	azeshwamanga	ezingeshwamanga	zingeshwamanga
Class 11	lwēshwama	olwēshwama	lwēshwama	alweshwamanga	olungeshwamanga	lungeshwamanga
Class 14	bēshwama	obēshwama	bēshwama	abeshwamanga	obungeshwamanga	bungeshwamanga
Class 15	kwēshwama	okwēshwama	kwēshwama	akweshwamanga	okungeshwamanga	kungeshwamanga
Class 17	kwēshwama	okwēshwama	kwēshwama	akweshwamanga	okungeshwamanga	kungeshwamanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingeshwama	—	ngingeshwama	ngingeshwame	—	ngingeshwame
2nd singular	ungeshwama	—	ungeshwama	ungeshwame	—	ungeshwame
1st plural	singeshwama	—	singeshwama	singeshwame	—	singeshwame
2nd plural	ningeshwama	—	ningeshwama	ningeshwame	—	ningeshwame
Class 1	angeshwama	—	engeshwama	angeshwame	—	engeshwame
Class 2	bangeshwama	—	bengeshwama	bangeshwame	—	bengeshwame
Class 3	ungeshwama	—	ungeshwama	ungeshwame	—	ungeshwame
Class 4	ingeshwama	—	ingeshwama	ingeshwame	—	ingeshwame
Class 5	lingeshwama	—	lingeshwama	lingeshwame	—	lingeshwame
Class 6	angeshwama	—	engeshwama	angeshwame	—	engeshwame
Class 7	singeshwama	—	singeshwama	singeshwame	—	singeshwame
Class 8	zingeshwama	—	zingeshwama	zingeshwame	—	zingeshwame
Class 9	ingeshwama	—	ingeshwama	ingeshwame	—	ingeshwame
Class 10	zingeshwama	—	zingeshwama	zingeshwame	—	zingeshwame
Class 11	lungeshwama	—	lungeshwama	lungeshwame	—	lungeshwame
Class 14	bungeshwama	—	bungeshwama	bungeshwame	—	bungeshwame
Class 15	kungeshwama	—	kungeshwama	kungeshwame	—	kungeshwame
Class 17	kungeshwama	—	kungeshwama	kungeshwame	—	kungeshwame
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokweshwama	engizokweshwama	ngizokweshwama	angizukweshwama	engingezukweshwama	ngingezukweshwama
2nd singular	uzokweshwama	ozokweshwama	uzokweshwama	awuzukweshwama	ongezukweshwama	ungezukweshwama
1st plural	sizokweshwama	esizokweshwama	sizokweshwama	asizukweshwama	esingezukweshwama	singezukweshwama
2nd plural	nizokweshwama	enizokweshwama	nizokweshwama	anizukweshwama	eningezukweshwama	ningezukweshwama
Class 1	uzokweshwama	ozokweshwama	ezokweshwama	akazukweshwama	ongezukweshwama	engezukweshwama
Class 2	bazokweshwama	abazokweshwama	bezokweshwama	abazukweshwama	abangezukweshwama	bengezukweshwama
Class 3	uzokweshwama	ozokweshwama	uzokweshwama	awuzukweshwama	ongezukweshwama	ungezukweshwama
Class 4	izokweshwama	ezokweshwama	izokweshwama	ayizukweshwama	engezukweshwama	ingezukweshwama
Class 5	lizokweshwama	elizokweshwama	lizokweshwama	alizukweshwama	elingezukweshwama	lingezukweshwama
Class 6	azokweshwama	azokweshwama	ezokweshwama	awazukweshwama	angezukweshwama	engezukweshwama
Class 7	sizokweshwama	esizokweshwama	sizokweshwama	asizukweshwama	esingezukweshwama	singezukweshwama
Class 8	zizokweshwama	ezizokweshwama	zizokweshwama	azizukweshwama	ezingezukweshwama	zingezukweshwama
Class 9	izokweshwama	ezokweshwama	izokweshwama	ayizukweshwama	engezukweshwama	ingezukweshwama
Class 10	zizokweshwama	ezizokweshwama	zizokweshwama	azizukweshwama	ezingezukweshwama	zingezukweshwama
Class 11	luzokweshwama	oluzokweshwama	luzokweshwama	aluzukweshwama	olungezukweshwama	lungezukweshwama
Class 14	buzokweshwama	obuzokweshwama	buzokweshwama	abuzukweshwama	obungezukweshwama	bungezukweshwama
Class 15	kuzokweshwama	okuzokweshwama	kuzokweshwama	akuzukweshwama	okungezukweshwama	kungezukweshwama
Class 17	kuzokweshwama	okuzokweshwama	kuzokweshwama	akuzukweshwama	okungezukweshwama	kungezukweshwama
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokweshwama	engiyokweshwama	ngiyokweshwama	angiyukweshwama	engingeyukweshwama	ngingeyukweshwama
2nd singular	uyokweshwama	oyokweshwama	uyokweshwama	awuyukweshwama	ongeyukweshwama	ungeyukweshwama
1st plural	siyokweshwama	esiyokweshwama	siyokweshwama	asiyukweshwama	esingeyukweshwama	singeyukweshwama
2nd plural	niyokweshwama	eniyokweshwama	niyokweshwama	aniyukweshwama	eningeyukweshwama	ningeyukweshwama
Class 1	uyokweshwama	oyokweshwama	eyokweshwama	akayukweshwama	ongeyukweshwama	engeyukweshwama
Class 2	bayokweshwama	abayokweshwama	beyokweshwama	abayukweshwama	abangeyukweshwama	bengeyukweshwama
Class 3	uyokweshwama	oyokweshwama	uyokweshwama	awuyukweshwama	ongeyukweshwama	ungeyukweshwama
Class 4	iyokweshwama	eyokweshwama	iyokweshwama	ayiyukweshwama	engeyukweshwama	ingeyukweshwama
Class 5	liyokweshwama	eliyokweshwama	liyokweshwama	aliyukweshwama	elingeyukweshwama	lingeyukweshwama
Class 6	ayokweshwama	ayokweshwama	eyokweshwama	awayukweshwama	angeyukweshwama	engeyukweshwama
Class 7	siyokweshwama	esiyokweshwama	siyokweshwama	asiyukweshwama	esingeyukweshwama	singeyukweshwama
Class 8	ziyokweshwama	eziyokweshwama	ziyokweshwama	aziyukweshwama	ezingeyukweshwama	zingeyukweshwama
Class 9	iyokweshwama	eyokweshwama	iyokweshwama	ayiyukweshwama	engeyukweshwama	ingeyukweshwama
Class 10	ziyokweshwama	eziyokweshwama	ziyokweshwama	aziyukweshwama	ezingeyukweshwama	zingeyukweshwama
Class 11	luyokweshwama	oluyokweshwama	luyokweshwama	aluyukweshwama	olungeyukweshwama	lungeyukweshwama
Class 14	buyokweshwama	obuyokweshwama	buyokweshwama	abuyukweshwama	obungeyukweshwama	bungeyukweshwama
Class 15	kuyokweshwama	okuyokweshwama	kuyokweshwama	akuyukweshwama	okungeyukweshwama	kungeyukweshwama
Class 17	kuyokweshwama	okuyokweshwama	kuyokweshwama	akuyukweshwama	okungeyukweshwama	kungeyukweshwama
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngeshwame	ngingeshwami
2nd singular	weshwame	ungeshwami
1st plural	seshwame	singeshwami
2nd plural	neshwame	ningeshwami
Class 1	eshwame	angeshwami
Class 2	beshwame	bangeshwami
Class 3	weshwame	ungeshwami
Class 4	yeshwame	ingeshwami
Class 5	leshwame	lingeshwami
Class 6	eshwame	angeshwami
Class 7	seshwame	singeshwami
Class 8	zeshwame	zingeshwami
Class 9	yeshwame	ingeshwami
Class 10	zeshwame	zingeshwami
Class 11	lweshwame	lungeshwami
Class 14	beshwame	bungeshwami
Class 15	kweshwame	kungeshwami
Class 17	kweshwame	kungeshwami
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngeshwama	ngangeshwama, angeshwama, angangeshwama
2nd singular	weshwama	wangeshwama, aweshwama, awangeshwama
1st plural	seshwama	sangeshwama, aseshwama, asangeshwama
2nd plural	neshwama	nangeshwama, aneshwama, anangeshwama
Class 1	weshwama	wangeshwama, akeshwama, akangeshwama
Class 2	beshwama	bangeshwama, abeshwama, abangeshwama
Class 3	weshwama	wangeshwama, aweshwama, awangeshwama
Class 4	yeshwama	yangeshwama, ayeshwama, ayangeshwama
Class 5	leshwama	langeshwama, aleshwama, alangeshwama
Class 6	eshwama	angeshwama, aweshwama, awangeshwama
Class 7	seshwama	sangeshwama, aseshwama, asangeshwama
Class 8	zeshwama	zangeshwama, azeshwama, azangeshwama
Class 9	yeshwama	yangeshwama, ayeshwama, ayangeshwama
Class 10	zeshwama	zangeshwama, azeshwama, azangeshwama
Class 11	lweshwama	lwangeshwama, alweshwama, alwangeshwama
Class 14	beshwama	bangeshwama, abeshwama, abangeshwama
Class 15	kweshwama	kwangeshwama, akweshwama, akwangeshwama
Class 17	kweshwama	kwangeshwama, akweshwama, akwangeshwama

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “eshwama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “eshwama (3.2.9)”