encourir
Appearance
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From en- + courir, calque of Latin incurrō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]encourir
- (transitive) to incur (to expose oneself to something inconvenient)
- 2020 June 19, “Stopper la haine sur Internet”, in Le Monde[1]:
- Selon leur décision, ces difficultés d’appréciation combinées au fort montant des amendes encourues « ne peuvent qu’inciter les opérateurs (…) à retirer les contenus qui leur sont signalés, qu’ils soient ou non manifestement illicites ».
- According to their decision, these difficulties of assessment combined with the high fines incurred "can only encourage operators (...) to remove content reported to them, whether or not it is manifestly illegal".
- (transitive) to run [the risk], to bring upon (something unfavourable)
- encourir le risque d’être rattrapé ― run the risk of being caught
Conjugation
[edit]This verb is conjugated like other regular -ir verbs, except that in the conditional and future tenses an extra 'r' is added to the end of the stem and the past participle ends in -u. All verb ending in -courir are conjugated this way.
Conjugation of encourir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | encourir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | encourant /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | encouru /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encourt /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/ |
encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/ |
encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
imperfect | encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ |
encourais /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ |
encourait /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ |
encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/ |
encouraient /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɛ/ | |
past historic2 | encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourus /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourut /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourûmes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁym/ |
encourûtes /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyt/ |
encoururent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁyʁ/ | |
future | encourrai /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/ |
encourras /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/ |
encourra /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁa/ |
encourrons /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/ |
encourrez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁe/ |
encourront /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ |
encourrais /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ |
encourrait /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ |
encourrions /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encourriez /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁje/ |
encourraient /ɑ̃.kuʁ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encoures /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encoure /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
encourions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encouriez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁje/ |
encourent /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
imperfect2 | encourusse /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ |
encourusses /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ |
encourût /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy/ |
encourussions /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sjɔ̃/ |
encourussiez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁy.sje/ |
encourussent /ɑ̃.ku.ʁys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | encours /ɑ̃.kuʁ/ |
— | encourons /ɑ̃.ku.ʁɔ̃/ |
encourez /ɑ̃.ku.ʁe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Quotations
[edit]- For quotations using this term, see Citations:encourir.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “encourir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- French terms prefixed with en-
- French terms calqued from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French terms with quotations
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- French third group verbs
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