eʼeʼáád

Navajo

Etymology

ʼa- (“away”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼáád (imperfective stem of root -ʼAH, “to propel a flat flexible object”), lit. “to toss (some paper) away”

Verb

eʼeʼáád

1. he/she is casting a ballot, he/she is voting

   Iʼííʼah! ― I voted!

   Iʼdííʼał! ― Vote!

Usage notes

The unspecified flat flexible object refers to the ballot, or naaltsoos. When object is specified, one says: naaltsoos iiʼáád.

In the plural, one can also use the verbs iʼiinííł or naaltsoos ayiinííł, seriative verbs from the root -NIL (“to propel plural objects”).

Conjugation

Paradigm: Momentaneous (∅/yi), with partial da-shift.

IMPERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	eʼeshʼáád	iʼiitʼáád	adaʼiitʼáád
2nd person	iʼíʼáád	oʼohʼáád	adaʼohʼáád
3rd person	eʼeʼáád		adaʼaʼáád
4th person	iʼjiʼáád		adaʼjiʼáád

PERFECTIVE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	iʼííʼah	iʼiitʼah	adaʼiitʼah
2nd person	iʼííníʼah	oʼooʼah	adaʼooʼah
3rd person	iʼííʼah		adaʼazʼah
4th person	iʼjííʼah		adaʼjizʼah

FUTURE	singular	duoplural	plural
1st person	iʼdeeshʼał	iʼdiitʼał	adaʼdiitʼał
2nd person	iʼdííʼał	iʼdoohʼał	adaʼdoohʼał
3rd person	iʼdooʼał		adaʼdooʼał
4th person	izhʼdooʼał		adazhʼdooʼał

Related terms

• yiʼáád (“to toss FFO”)
• iiʼáád (“to toss FFO away”)

See also

• yinííł (“to toss PlO1”)
• iinííł (“to toss PlO1 away”)
• ayiinííł (“to toss PlO1 away seriatively”)
• iʼiinííł (“to toss unspec PlO1 away seriatively”)