duire

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɥiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

duire

1. (transitive, obsolete) to train (an animal, esp. a bird)

Conjugation

Conjugation of duire (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	duire
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	duisant /dɥi.zɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		duit /dɥi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	duis /dɥi/	duis /dɥi/	duit /dɥi/	duisons /dɥi.zɔ̃/	duisez /dɥi.ze/	duisent /dɥiz/
	imperfect	duisais /dɥi.zɛ/	duisais /dɥi.zɛ/	duisait /dɥi.zɛ/	duisions /dɥi.zjɔ̃/	duisiez /dɥi.zje/	duisaient /dɥi.zɛ/
	past historic2	duisis /dɥi.zi/	duisis /dɥi.zi/	duisit /dɥi.zi/	duisîmes /dɥi.zim/	duisîtes /dɥi.zit/	duisirent /dɥi.ziʁ/
	future	duirai /dɥi.ʁe/	duiras /dɥi.ʁa/	duira /dɥi.ʁa/	duirons /dɥi.ʁɔ̃/	duirez /dɥi.ʁe/	duiront /dɥi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	duirais /dɥi.ʁɛ/	duirais /dɥi.ʁɛ/	duirait /dɥi.ʁɛ/	duirions /dɥi.ʁjɔ̃/	duiriez /dɥi.ʁje/	duiraient /dɥi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	duise /dɥiz/	duises /dɥiz/	duise /dɥiz/	duisions /dɥi.zjɔ̃/	duisiez /dɥi.zje/	duisent /dɥiz/
	imperfect2	duisisse /dɥi.zis/	duisisses /dɥi.zis/	duisît /dɥi.zi/	duisissions /dɥi.zi.sjɔ̃/	duisissiez /dɥi.zi.sje/	duisissent /dɥi.zis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	duis /dɥi/	—	duisons /dɥi.zɔ̃/	duisez /dɥi.ze/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

• dresser

Further reading

• “duire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French duire.

Verb

duire

1. to drive (to something)
   • 1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 12:

     ceux qui sont duicts à combatre nuds, on les void se ietter aux hazards pareils aux nostres

     Those who are driven to fight naked, we see them fight against dangers similar to ours

2. to guide; to assist to do

Old French

Etymology

From Latin dūcere. Found in modern French only as a suffix, -duire, e.g. conduire.

Verb

duire

1. to direct, to guide, to lead
2. (figuratively) to shape, to govern, to teach
3. (figuratively) to accustom, to tame
4. (impersonal) to suit, to please, to be pleasing to
5. (reflexive) to get used to

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of duire (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		duire			avoir duit
gerund		en duisant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		duisant
past participle		duit
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	dui	duis	duit	duions	duiiez	duient
	imperfect	duisoie, duiseie	duisoies, duiseies	duisoit, duiseit	duisiiens, duisiens	duisiiez, duisiez	duisoient, duiseient
	preterite	duis	duisis	duist	duisimes	duisistes	duistrent
	future	duirai	duiras	duira	duirons	duiroiz, duireiz, duirez	duiront
	conditional	duiroie, duireie	duiroies, duireies	duiroit, duireit	duiriiens, duiriens	duiriiez, duiriez	duiroient, duireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	duie	duies	duie	duiiens, duions	duiiez	duient
	imperfect	duisisse	duisisses	duisist	duisissons, duisissiens	duisissoiz, duisissez, duisissiez	duisissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	dui	—	duions	duiiez	—

Related terms

• conduire
• duit

Descendants

• Middle French: duire

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (duire)
• “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 153–154