disentrain

English

Etymology

From dis- +‎ entrain.

Verb

disentrain (third-person singular simple present disentrains, present participle disentraining, simple past and past participle disentrained)

1. To disembark from a train.
   • 1980, Martin van Creveld, Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patton, →ISBN, page 86:

     French trains of all kinds travelled faster than German ones, this being made possible - in the case of troop transports - by an arrangement which required the men to take their provisions along, instead of having them disentrain in order to be fed at the stations.

   • 2008, George Davison Winius, The Brats of Briarcliff, →ISBN, page 141:

     North American continent; one could not cross the country on the same passenger railroad, but had to disentrain and wait for a connection.

   • 2015, Frank Fox, G. H. Q. (Montreuil-Sur-Mer):

     I saw one Division disentrain at a station on Lines of Communication and begin a march to its camp, a distance of about ten miles.

2. To precipitate out of a flowing current.
   • 1963, W. D. Jamrack, Rare metal extraction by chemical engineering techniques:

     In certain cases, it is possible to entrain enough of the solids continually in the effluent gas stream and then to disentrain them again away from the bed.

   • 1981, G. Butters, Plastics pneumatic conveying and bulk storage, page 140:

     It is better to use the receiving silo or an oversized cyclone to disentrain the solid from the air.

   • 1995, M. A. Kozlowski, S. A. Argyropoulos, R. W. McBean, Quality in Non-ferrous Pyrometallurgy:

     Subsequent disentrainment relies upon opportunities for gravity separation that occur in the normal course of processing, but particles which disentrain too slowly and can not be filtered remain in suspension to the possible detriment of product quality.

   • 2012, Brian A. Whitton, Ecology of Cyanobacteria II: Their Diversity in Space and Time, →ISBN:

     Huisman and Hulot (2005) suggested that at Pe > 10 Microcystis will completely disentrain from the turbulence and can then form surface blooms.

3. To disrupt an organism's circadian rhythm so that it is not aligned with its environment.
   • 1988, Jeremy Campbell, Winston Churchill's Afternoon Nap, →ISBN:

     Since different rhythms appear to have different ranges of entrainment, what happens is that as the period of the light-dark cycle is stretched, rhythms disentrain, but not all at once.

   • 1999, Bruce Wilshire, Wild Hunger: The Primal Roots of Modern Addiction, →ISBN, page xi:

     The cycles of the body are disentrained from the cycles of the regenerative Earth that formed us. But we needn't fly to be disentrained and drained.

   • 2009, Bill Whitehouse, Mapping Mental Spaces - Volume 2, →ISBN, page 248:

     When an organism is disentrained -- that is, when an organism is unable to make contact with the temporal frame of reference provided by the relevant zeitgeber (in this case, the alternating cycle of day and night), such a disentrained organism will operate on the basis of the intrinsic properties of its internal biological clock.

4. (more generally) To disrupt a body's homeostatic patterns.
   • 1983, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine:

     Because dexamethasone and naloxone successfully reduce body weight, blood lipid and glucose levels, and blood pressure in Obese/SHR (to be published), the question arose whether prevention of corpulency by daily exercise would also disentrain the genetically programmed obesity and hypertension.

   • 2008, Edward Watts Morton Bever, The realities of witchcraft and popular magic in early modern Europe, →ISBN:

     In particular, hypnotic dissociation appears to disentrain the conscious facility responsible for our "free won't," the neurological circuitry that enables us to voluntarily suppress impulses that are on the verge of being executed.

   • 2010, Wanpracha Chaovalitwongse, Panos M. Pardalos, Petros Xanthopoulos, Computational Neuroscience, →ISBN:

     The administration of subsequent AED(s) (lorazepam in the first patient, fentanyl and propofol in the second patient) dynamically disentrained the brain (statistically high T-index values were attained and sustained).

5. (neurobiology) To extinguish a conditioned association.
   • 1990, Charles D. Laughlin, John McManus, Eugene G. D'Aquili, Brain, Symbol & Experience:

     We have seen that consciousness can be viewed as an integration of neural functions, which are entrained and disentrained from moment to moment.

   • 2007, James R. Evans, Handbook of Neurofeedback: Dynamics and Clinical Applications, →ISBN:

     There are several neurofeedback-related approaches that make use of auditory and/or visual stimulation (AVS) to entrain or disentrain brain electrical activity.

   • 2013, Simone Bassis, Anna Esposito, Francesco Carlo Morabito, Recent Advances of Neural Network Models and Applications, →ISBN:

     Hence, interestingly, a speaker (VR) might disentrain in no-frequency but entrain in the frequency of a particular discourse function; we also have a speaker with the opposite pattern (DF).

Derived terms

• disentrainment