dirbti
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥Hbʰ-, a zero-grade of *(s)dʰerHbʰ- (“to exert force”). Cognate with Latvian dir̂bt (“to walk fast”), Proto-Germanic *derbaną (“to work”).[1]
Verb
[edit]dìrbti (third-person present tense dìrba, third-person past tense dìrbo)
- to work[2]
- (colloquial, offensive) to make
- Ką čia dirbi?! - viską sugadinai!.. - dink! - What are you making here?! - you have ruined everything!.. - get the fuck off!
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of dirbti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
dìrbu | dìrbi | dìrba | dìrbame, dìrbam |
dìrbate, dìrbat |
dìrba | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
dìrbau | dìrbai | dìrbo | dìrbome, dìrbom |
dìrbote, dìrbot |
dìrbo | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
dìrbdavau | dìrbdavai | dìrbdavo | dìrbdavome, dìrbdavom |
dìrbdavote, dìrbdavot |
dìrbdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
dìrbsiu | dìrbsi | dìrbs | dìrbsime, dìrbsim |
dìrbsite, dìrbsit |
dìrbs | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
dìrbčiau | dìrbtum, dìrbtumei |
dìrbtų | dìrbtumėme, dìrbtumėm, dìrbtume |
dìrbtumėte, dìrbtumėt |
dìrbtų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | dìrbk, dìrbki |
tedìrba, tedìrbie |
dìrbkime, dìrbkim |
dìrbkite, dìrbkit |
tedìrba, tedìrbie | ||
Participles of dirbti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | dìrbąs, dìrbantis | dìrbamas | |
| past | dìrbęs | dìrbtas | |
| past frequentative | dìrbdavęs | — | |
| future | dìrbsiąs, dìrbsiantis | dìrbsimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | dìrbtinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | dìrbdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | dìrbant | |
| past | dìrbus | ||
| past frequentative | dìrbdavus | ||
| future | dìrbsiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | dìrbte, dìrbtinai | ||
Derived terms
[edit](nouns):
- (verbal noun) dirbimas m
- dirbtuvė f
- kryždirbystė f
(adjective):
(verb):
Related terms
[edit]- dárbas m
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dirbti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
- ^ “dirbti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN