cystadlu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From cysta(d)l (“as good”) + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kəsˈdadlɨ/, [kʰəsˈtadlˠɨ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kəsˈdadli/, [kʰəsˈtadli]
Verb
[edit]cystadlu (first-person singular present cystadlaf)
- (intransitive) to compete, to vie, to rival
- Synonym: ymryson
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cystadlaf | cystedli | cystadla | cystadlwn | cystedlwch, cystadlwch | cystadlant | cystedlir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cystadlwn | cystadlit | cystadlai | cystadlem | cystadlech | cystadlent | cystedlid | |
| preterite | cystedlais | cystedlaist | cystadlodd | cystadlasom | cystadlasoch | cystadlasant | cystadlwyd | |
| pluperfect | cystadlaswn | cystadlasit | cystadlasai | cystadlasem | cystadlasech | cystadlasent | cystadlasid, cystadlesid | |
| present subjunctive | cystadlwyf | cystedlych | cystadlo | cystadlom | cystadloch | cystadlont | cystadler | |
| imperative | — | cystadla | cystadled | cystadlwn | cystedlwch, cystadlwch | cystadlent | cystadler | |
| verbal noun | cystadlu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cystadledig cystadladwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cystadla i, cystadlaf i | cystadli di | cystadlith o/e/hi, cystadliff e/hi | cystadlwn ni | cystadlwch chi | cystadlan nhw |
| conditional | cystadlwn i, cystadlswn i | cystadlet ti, cystadlset ti | cystadlai fo/fe/hi, cystadlsai fo/fe/hi | cystadlen ni, cystadlsen ni | cystadlech chi, cystadlsech chi | cystadlen nhw, cystadlsen nhw |
| preterite | cystadlais i, cystadles i | cystadlaist ti, cystadlest ti | cystadlodd o/e/hi | cystadlon ni | cystadloch chi | cystadlon nhw |
| imperative | — | cystadla | — | — | cystadlwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- cystadleuaeth (“competition, contest”)
- cystadleuol (“competitive”)
- cystadleuwr (“competitor”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| cystadlu | gystadlu | nghystadlu | chystadlu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cystadlu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies