cynnal
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]cynnal (first-person singular present cynhaliaf)
- (transitive) to support, to hold, to sustain
- (transitive) to hold, to host
- (transitive) to maintain, to keep
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cynhaliaf | cynheli | cynnail | cynhaliwn | cynheliwch, cynhaliwch | cynhaliant | cynhelir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | cynhaliwn | cynhelit | cynhaliai | cynhaliem | cynhaliech | cynhalient | cynhelid | |
| preterite | cynheliais | cynheliaist | cynhaliodd | cynhaliasom | cynhaliasoch | cynhaliasant | cynhaliwyd | |
| pluperfect | cynhaliaswn | cynhaliasit | cynhaliasai | cynhaliasem | cynhaliasech | cynhaliasent | cynhaliasid, cynhaliesid | |
| present subjunctive | cynhaliwyf | cynheliech | cynhalio | cynhaliom | cynhalioch | cynhaliont | cynhalier | |
| imperative | — | cynnal | cynhalied | cynhaliwn | cynheliwch, cynhaliwch | cynhalient | cynhalier | |
| verbal noun | cynnal | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cynhaliedig cynhaliadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cynhalia i, cynhaliaf i | cynhali di | cynhalith o/e/hi, cynhaliff e/hi | cynhaliwn ni | cynhaliwch chi | cynhalian nhw |
| conditional | cynhaliwn i, cynhaliswn i | cynhaliet ti, cynhaliset ti | cynhaliai fo/fe/hi, cynhalisai fo/fe/hi | cynhalien ni, cynhalisen ni | cynhaliech chi, cynhalisech chi | cynhalien nhw, cynhalisen nhw |
| preterite | cynhaliais i, cynhalies i | cynhaliaist ti, cynhaliest ti | cynhaliodd o/e/hi | cynhalion ni | cynhalioch chi | cynhalion nhw |
| imperative | — | cynhalia | — | — | cynhaliwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- cynhaliad (“support, holding; prop, support”)
- cynhaliaeth (“maintenance, upkeep”)
- cynhaliol (“supporting”)
- cynhaliwr (“supporter, upholder”)
- cynheiliad (“supporter, patron”)