cyfundrefnu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From cyfundrefn + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkəvɨ̞nˈdrɛvnɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkəvɪnˈdrɛvni/
Verb
[edit]cyfundrefnu (first-person singular present cyfundrefnaf)
- (transitive) to systematise
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cyfundrefnaf | cyfundrefni | cyfundrefna | cyfundrefnwn | cyfundrefnwch | cyfundrefnant | cyfundrefnir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyfundrefnwn | cyfundrefnit | cyfundrefnai | cyfundrefnem | cyfundrefnech | cyfundrefnent | cyfundrefnid | |
| preterite | cyfundrefnais | cyfundrefnaist | cyfundrefnodd | cyfundrefnasom | cyfundrefnasoch | cyfundrefnasant | cyfundrefnwyd | |
| pluperfect | cyfundrefnaswn | cyfundrefnasit | cyfundrefnasai | cyfundrefnasem | cyfundrefnasech | cyfundrefnasent | cyfundrefnasid, cyfundrefnesid | |
| present subjunctive | cyfundrefnwyf | cyfundrefnych | cyfundrefno | cyfundrefnom | cyfundrefnoch | cyfundrefnont | cyfundrefner | |
| imperative | — | cyfundrefna | cyfundrefned | cyfundrefnwn | cyfundrefnwch | cyfundrefnent | cyfundrefner | |
| verbal noun | cyfundrefnu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cyfundrefnedig cyfundrefnadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cyfundrefna i, cyfundrefnaf i | cyfundrefni di | cyfundrefnith o/e/hi, cyfundrefniff e/hi | cyfundrefnwn ni | cyfundrefnwch chi | cyfundrefnan nhw |
| conditional | cyfundrefnwn i, cyfundrefnswn i | cyfundrefnet ti, cyfundrefnset ti | cyfundrefnai fo/fe/hi, cyfundrefnsai fo/fe/hi | cyfundrefnen ni, cyfundrefnsen ni | cyfundrefnech chi, cyfundrefnsech chi | cyfundrefnen nhw, cyfundrefnsen nhw |
| preterite | cyfundrefnais i, cyfundrefnes i | cyfundrefnaist ti, cyfundrefnest ti | cyfundrefnodd o/e/hi | cyfundrefnon ni | cyfundrefnoch chi | cyfundrefnon nhw |
| imperative | — | cyfundrefna | — | — | cyfundrefnwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| cyfundrefnu | gyfundrefnu | nghyfundrefnu | chyfundrefnu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyfundrefnu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies