cyffesu
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From cyffes (“confession”) + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈfɛsɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈfɛsi/
Verb
[edit]cyffesu (first-person singular present cyffesaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cyffesaf | cyffesi | cyffesa | cyffeswn | cyffeswch | cyffesant | cyffesir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyffeswn | cyffesit | cyffesai | cyffesem | cyffesech | cyffesent | cyffesid | |
| preterite | cyffesais | cyffesaist | cyffesodd | cyffesasom | cyffesasoch | cyffesasant | cyffeswyd | |
| pluperfect | cyffesaswn | cyffesasit | cyffesasai | cyffesasem | cyffesasech | cyffesasent | cyffesasid, cyffesesid | |
| present subjunctive | cyffeswyf | cyffesych | cyffeso | cyffesom | cyffesoch | cyffesont | cyffeser | |
| imperative | — | cyffesa | cyffesed | cyffeswn | cyffeswch | cyffesent | cyffeser | |
| verbal noun | cyffesu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cyffesedig cyffesadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cyffesa i, cyffesaf i | cyffesi di | cyffesith o/e/hi, cyffesiff e/hi | cyffeswn ni | cyffeswch chi | cyffesan nhw |
| conditional | cyffeswn i, cyffesswn i | cyffeset ti, cyffesset ti | cyffesai fo/fe/hi, cyffessai fo/fe/hi | cyffesen ni, cyffessen ni | cyffesech chi, cyffessech chi | cyffesen nhw, cyffessen nhw |
| preterite | cyffesais i, cyffeses i | cyffesaist ti, cyffesest ti | cyffesodd o/e/hi | cyffeson ni | cyffesoch chi | cyffeson nhw |
| imperative | — | cyffesa | — | — | cyffeswch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- cyffeswr (“confessor”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| cyffesu | gyffesu | nghyffesu | chyffesu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyffesu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies