cwila

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǀwiːla/

Verb

-cwila

(intransitive) to dive

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukucwila
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukucwila	ukungacwili
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	cwila	-cwile
Plural	cwilani	-cwileni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyacwila, ngicwila	engicwilayo, engicwila	ngicwila	angicwili	engingacwili	ngingacwili
2nd singular	uyacwila, ucwila	ocwilayo, ocwila	ucwila	awucwili	ongacwili	ungacwili
1st plural	siyacwila, sicwila	esicwilayo, esicwila	sicwila	asicwili	esingacwili	singacwili
2nd plural	niyacwila, nicwila	enicwilayo, enicwila	nicwila	anicwili	eningacwili	ningacwili
Class 1	uyacwila, ucwila	ocwilayo, ocwila	ecwila	akacwili	ongacwili	engacwili
Class 2	bayacwila, bacwila	abacwilayo, abacwila	becwila	abacwili	abangacwili	bengacwili
Class 3	uyacwila, ucwila	ocwilayo, ocwila	ucwila	awucwili	ongacwili	ungacwili
Class 4	iyacwila, icwila	ecwilayo, ecwila	icwila	ayicwili	engacwili	ingacwili
Class 5	liyacwila, licwila	elicwilayo, elicwila	licwila	alicwili	elingacwili	lingacwili
Class 6	ayacwila, acwila	acwilayo, acwila	ecwila	awacwili	angacwili	engacwili
Class 7	siyacwila, sicwila	esicwilayo, esicwila	sicwila	asicwili	esingacwili	singacwili
Class 8	ziyacwila, zicwila	ezicwilayo, ezicwila	zicwila	azicwili	ezingacwili	zingacwili
Class 9	iyacwila, icwila	ecwilayo, ecwila	icwila	ayicwili	engacwili	ingacwili
Class 10	ziyacwila, zicwila	ezicwilayo, ezicwila	zicwila	azicwili	ezingacwili	zingacwili
Class 11	luyacwila, lucwila	olucwilayo, olucwila	lucwila	alucwili	olungacwili	lungacwili
Class 14	buyacwila, bucwila	obucwilayo, obucwila	bucwila	abucwili	obungacwili	bungacwili
Class 15	kuyacwila, kucwila	okucwilayo, okucwila	kucwila	akucwili	okungacwili	kungacwili
Class 17	kuyacwila, kucwila	okucwilayo, okucwila	kucwila	akucwili	okungacwili	kungacwili
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngicwilile, ngicwilē	engicwilile, engicwilē	ngicwilile, ngicwilē	angicwilanga	engingacwilanga	ngingacwilanga
2nd singular	ucwilile, ucwilē	ocwilile, ocwilē	ucwilile, ucwilē	awucwilanga	ongacwilanga	ungacwilanga
1st plural	sicwilile, sicwilē	esicwilile, esicwilē	sicwilile, sicwilē	asicwilanga	esingacwilanga	singacwilanga
2nd plural	nicwilile, nicwilē	enicwilile, enicwilē	nicwilile, nicwilē	anicwilanga	eningacwilanga	ningacwilanga
Class 1	ucwilile, ucwilē	ocwilile, ocwilē	ecwilile, ecwilē	akacwilanga	ongacwilanga	engacwilanga
Class 2	bacwilile, bacwilē	abacwilile, abacwilē	becwilile, becwilē	abacwilanga	abangacwilanga	bengacwilanga
Class 3	ucwilile, ucwilē	ocwilile, ocwilē	ucwilile, ucwilē	awucwilanga	ongacwilanga	ungacwilanga
Class 4	icwilile, icwilē	ecwilile, ecwilē	icwilile, icwilē	ayicwilanga	engacwilanga	ingacwilanga
Class 5	licwilile, licwilē	elicwilile, elicwilē	licwilile, licwilē	alicwilanga	elingacwilanga	lingacwilanga
Class 6	acwilile, acwilē	acwilile, acwilē	ecwilile, ecwilē	awacwilanga	angacwilanga	engacwilanga
Class 7	sicwilile, sicwilē	esicwilile, esicwilē	sicwilile, sicwilē	asicwilanga	esingacwilanga	singacwilanga
Class 8	zicwilile, zicwilē	ezicwilile, ezicwilē	zicwilile, zicwilē	azicwilanga	ezingacwilanga	zingacwilanga
Class 9	icwilile, icwilē	ecwilile, ecwilē	icwilile, icwilē	ayicwilanga	engacwilanga	ingacwilanga
Class 10	zicwilile, zicwilē	ezicwilile, ezicwilē	zicwilile, zicwilē	azicwilanga	ezingacwilanga	zingacwilanga
Class 11	lucwilile, lucwilē	olucwilile, olucwilē	lucwilile, lucwilē	alucwilanga	olungacwilanga	lungacwilanga
Class 14	bucwilile, bucwilē	obucwilile, obucwilē	bucwilile, bucwilē	abucwilanga	obungacwilanga	bungacwilanga
Class 15	kucwilile, kucwilē	okucwilile, okucwilē	kucwilile, kucwilē	akucwilanga	okungacwilanga	kungacwilanga
Class 17	kucwilile, kucwilē	okucwilile, okucwilē	kucwilile, kucwilē	akucwilanga	okungacwilanga	kungacwilanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngācwila	engācwila	ngācwila	angicwilanga	engingacwilanga	ngingacwilanga
2nd singular	wācwila	owācwila	wācwila	awucwilanga	ongacwilanga	ungacwilanga
1st plural	sācwila	esācwila	sācwila	asicwilanga	esingacwilanga	singacwilanga
2nd plural	nācwila	enācwila	nācwila	anicwilanga	eningacwilanga	ningacwilanga
Class 1	wācwila	owācwila	ācwila	akacwilanga	ongacwilanga	engacwilanga
Class 2	bācwila	abācwila	bācwila	abacwilanga	abangacwilanga	bengacwilanga
Class 3	wācwila	owācwila	wācwila	awucwilanga	ongacwilanga	ungacwilanga
Class 4	yācwila	eyācwila	yācwila	ayicwilanga	engacwilanga	ingacwilanga
Class 5	lācwila	elācwila	lācwila	alicwilanga	elingacwilanga	lingacwilanga
Class 6	ācwila	ācwila	ācwila	awacwilanga	angacwilanga	engacwilanga
Class 7	sācwila	esācwila	sācwila	asicwilanga	esingacwilanga	singacwilanga
Class 8	zācwila	ezācwila	zācwila	azicwilanga	ezingacwilanga	zingacwilanga
Class 9	yācwila	eyācwila	yācwila	ayicwilanga	engacwilanga	ingacwilanga
Class 10	zācwila	ezācwila	zācwila	azicwilanga	ezingacwilanga	zingacwilanga
Class 11	lwācwila	olwācwila	lwācwila	alucwilanga	olungacwilanga	lungacwilanga
Class 14	bācwila	obācwila	bācwila	abucwilanga	obungacwilanga	bungacwilanga
Class 15	kwācwila	okwācwila	kwācwila	akucwilanga	okungacwilanga	kungacwilanga
Class 17	kwācwila	okwācwila	kwācwila	akucwilanga	okungacwilanga	kungacwilanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingacwila	—	ngingacwila	ngingecwile	—	ngingecwile
2nd singular	ungacwila	—	ungacwila	ungecwile	—	ungecwile
1st plural	singacwila	—	singacwila	singecwile	—	singecwile
2nd plural	ningacwila	—	ningacwila	ningecwile	—	ningecwile
Class 1	angacwila	—	engacwila	angecwile	—	engecwile
Class 2	bangacwila	—	bengacwila	bangecwile	—	bengecwile
Class 3	ungacwila	—	ungacwila	ungecwile	—	ungecwile
Class 4	ingacwila	—	ingacwila	ingecwile	—	ingecwile
Class 5	lingacwila	—	lingacwila	lingecwile	—	lingecwile
Class 6	angacwila	—	engacwila	angecwile	—	engecwile
Class 7	singacwila	—	singacwila	singecwile	—	singecwile
Class 8	zingacwila	—	zingacwila	zingecwile	—	zingecwile
Class 9	ingacwila	—	ingacwila	ingecwile	—	ingecwile
Class 10	zingacwila	—	zingacwila	zingecwile	—	zingecwile
Class 11	lungacwila	—	lungacwila	lungecwile	—	lungecwile
Class 14	bungacwila	—	bungacwila	bungecwile	—	bungecwile
Class 15	kungacwila	—	kungacwila	kungecwile	—	kungecwile
Class 17	kungacwila	—	kungacwila	kungecwile	—	kungecwile
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizocwila	engizocwila	ngizocwila	angizucwila	engingezucwila	ngingezucwila
2nd singular	uzocwila	ozocwila	uzocwila	awuzucwila	ongezucwila	ungezucwila
1st plural	sizocwila	esizocwila	sizocwila	asizucwila	esingezucwila	singezucwila
2nd plural	nizocwila	enizocwila	nizocwila	anizucwila	eningezucwila	ningezucwila
Class 1	uzocwila	ozocwila	ezocwila	akazucwila	ongezucwila	engezucwila
Class 2	bazocwila	abazocwila	bezocwila	abazucwila	abangezucwila	bengezucwila
Class 3	uzocwila	ozocwila	uzocwila	awuzucwila	ongezucwila	ungezucwila
Class 4	izocwila	ezocwila	izocwila	ayizucwila	engezucwila	ingezucwila
Class 5	lizocwila	elizocwila	lizocwila	alizucwila	elingezucwila	lingezucwila
Class 6	azocwila	azocwila	ezocwila	awazucwila	angezucwila	engezucwila
Class 7	sizocwila	esizocwila	sizocwila	asizucwila	esingezucwila	singezucwila
Class 8	zizocwila	ezizocwila	zizocwila	azizucwila	ezingezucwila	zingezucwila
Class 9	izocwila	ezocwila	izocwila	ayizucwila	engezucwila	ingezucwila
Class 10	zizocwila	ezizocwila	zizocwila	azizucwila	ezingezucwila	zingezucwila
Class 11	luzocwila	oluzocwila	luzocwila	aluzucwila	olungezucwila	lungezucwila
Class 14	buzocwila	obuzocwila	buzocwila	abuzucwila	obungezucwila	bungezucwila
Class 15	kuzocwila	okuzocwila	kuzocwila	akuzucwila	okungezucwila	kungezucwila
Class 17	kuzocwila	okuzocwila	kuzocwila	akuzucwila	okungezucwila	kungezucwila
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyocwila	engiyocwila	ngiyocwila	angiyucwila	engingeyucwila	ngingeyucwila
2nd singular	uyocwila	oyocwila	uyocwila	awuyucwila	ongeyucwila	ungeyucwila
1st plural	siyocwila	esiyocwila	siyocwila	asiyucwila	esingeyucwila	singeyucwila
2nd plural	niyocwila	eniyocwila	niyocwila	aniyucwila	eningeyucwila	ningeyucwila
Class 1	uyocwila	oyocwila	eyocwila	akayucwila	ongeyucwila	engeyucwila
Class 2	bayocwila	abayocwila	beyocwila	abayucwila	abangeyucwila	bengeyucwila
Class 3	uyocwila	oyocwila	uyocwila	awuyucwila	ongeyucwila	ungeyucwila
Class 4	iyocwila	eyocwila	iyocwila	ayiyucwila	engeyucwila	ingeyucwila
Class 5	liyocwila	eliyocwila	liyocwila	aliyucwila	elingeyucwila	lingeyucwila
Class 6	ayocwila	ayocwila	eyocwila	awayucwila	angeyucwila	engeyucwila
Class 7	siyocwila	esiyocwila	siyocwila	asiyucwila	esingeyucwila	singeyucwila
Class 8	ziyocwila	eziyocwila	ziyocwila	aziyucwila	ezingeyucwila	zingeyucwila
Class 9	iyocwila	eyocwila	iyocwila	ayiyucwila	engeyucwila	ingeyucwila
Class 10	ziyocwila	eziyocwila	ziyocwila	aziyucwila	ezingeyucwila	zingeyucwila
Class 11	luyocwila	oluyocwila	luyocwila	aluyucwila	olungeyucwila	lungeyucwila
Class 14	buyocwila	obuyocwila	buyocwila	abuyucwila	obungeyucwila	bungeyucwila
Class 15	kuyocwila	okuyocwila	kuyocwila	akuyucwila	okungeyucwila	kungeyucwila
Class 17	kuyocwila	okuyocwila	kuyocwila	akuyucwila	okungeyucwila	kungeyucwila
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngicwile	ngingacwili
2nd singular	ucwile	ungacwili
1st plural	sicwile	singacwili
2nd plural	nicwile	ningacwili
Class 1	acwile	angacwili
Class 2	bacwile	bangacwili
Class 3	ucwile	ungacwili
Class 4	icwile	ingacwili
Class 5	licwile	lingacwili
Class 6	acwile	angacwili
Class 7	sicwile	singacwili
Class 8	zicwile	zingacwili
Class 9	icwile	ingacwili
Class 10	zicwile	zingacwili
Class 11	lucwile	lungacwili
Class 14	bucwile	bungacwili
Class 15	kucwile	kungacwili
Class 17	kucwile	kungacwili
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngacwila	ngangacwila, angacwila, angangacwila
2nd singular	wacwila	wangacwila, awacwila, awangacwila
1st plural	sacwila	sangacwila, asacwila, asangacwila
2nd plural	nacwila	nangacwila, anacwila, anangacwila
Class 1	wacwila	wangacwila, akacwila, akangacwila
Class 2	bacwila	bangacwila, abacwila, abangacwila
Class 3	wacwila	wangacwila, awacwila, awangacwila
Class 4	yacwila	yangacwila, ayacwila, ayangacwila
Class 5	lacwila	langacwila, alacwila, alangacwila
Class 6	acwila	angacwila, awacwila, awangacwila
Class 7	sacwila	sangacwila, asacwila, asangacwila
Class 8	zacwila	zangacwila, azacwila, azangacwila
Class 9	yacwila	yangacwila, ayacwila, ayangacwila
Class 10	zacwila	zangacwila, azacwila, azangacwila
Class 11	lwacwila	lwangacwila, alwacwila, alwangacwila
Class 14	bacwila	bangacwila, abacwila, abangacwila
Class 15	kwacwila	kwangacwila, akwacwila, akwangacwila
Class 17	kwacwila	kwangacwila, akwacwila, akwangacwila

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cwila”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cwila (6.3)”