cwala

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǀwaːla/

Verb

-cwala

1. to dress the hair

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukucwala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukucwala	ukungacwali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	cwala	-cwale
Plural	cwalani	-cwaleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyacwala, ngicwala	engicwalayo, engicwala	ngicwala	angicwali	engingacwali	ngingacwali
2nd singular	uyacwala, ucwala	ocwalayo, ocwala	ucwala	awucwali	ongacwali	ungacwali
1st plural	siyacwala, sicwala	esicwalayo, esicwala	sicwala	asicwali	esingacwali	singacwali
2nd plural	niyacwala, nicwala	enicwalayo, enicwala	nicwala	anicwali	eningacwali	ningacwali
Class 1	uyacwala, ucwala	ocwalayo, ocwala	ecwala	akacwali	ongacwali	engacwali
Class 2	bayacwala, bacwala	abacwalayo, abacwala	becwala	abacwali	abangacwali	bengacwali
Class 3	uyacwala, ucwala	ocwalayo, ocwala	ucwala	awucwali	ongacwali	ungacwali
Class 4	iyacwala, icwala	ecwalayo, ecwala	icwala	ayicwali	engacwali	ingacwali
Class 5	liyacwala, licwala	elicwalayo, elicwala	licwala	alicwali	elingacwali	lingacwali
Class 6	ayacwala, acwala	acwalayo, acwala	ecwala	awacwali	angacwali	engacwali
Class 7	siyacwala, sicwala	esicwalayo, esicwala	sicwala	asicwali	esingacwali	singacwali
Class 8	ziyacwala, zicwala	ezicwalayo, ezicwala	zicwala	azicwali	ezingacwali	zingacwali
Class 9	iyacwala, icwala	ecwalayo, ecwala	icwala	ayicwali	engacwali	ingacwali
Class 10	ziyacwala, zicwala	ezicwalayo, ezicwala	zicwala	azicwali	ezingacwali	zingacwali
Class 11	luyacwala, lucwala	olucwalayo, olucwala	lucwala	alucwali	olungacwali	lungacwali
Class 14	buyacwala, bucwala	obucwalayo, obucwala	bucwala	abucwali	obungacwali	bungacwali
Class 15	kuyacwala, kucwala	okucwalayo, okucwala	kucwala	akucwali	okungacwali	kungacwali
Class 17	kuyacwala, kucwala	okucwalayo, okucwala	kucwala	akucwali	okungacwali	kungacwali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngicwalile, ngicwalē	engicwalile, engicwalē	ngicwalile, ngicwalē	angicwalanga	engingacwalanga	ngingacwalanga
2nd singular	ucwalile, ucwalē	ocwalile, ocwalē	ucwalile, ucwalē	awucwalanga	ongacwalanga	ungacwalanga
1st plural	sicwalile, sicwalē	esicwalile, esicwalē	sicwalile, sicwalē	asicwalanga	esingacwalanga	singacwalanga
2nd plural	nicwalile, nicwalē	enicwalile, enicwalē	nicwalile, nicwalē	anicwalanga	eningacwalanga	ningacwalanga
Class 1	ucwalile, ucwalē	ocwalile, ocwalē	ecwalile, ecwalē	akacwalanga	ongacwalanga	engacwalanga
Class 2	bacwalile, bacwalē	abacwalile, abacwalē	becwalile, becwalē	abacwalanga	abangacwalanga	bengacwalanga
Class 3	ucwalile, ucwalē	ocwalile, ocwalē	ucwalile, ucwalē	awucwalanga	ongacwalanga	ungacwalanga
Class 4	icwalile, icwalē	ecwalile, ecwalē	icwalile, icwalē	ayicwalanga	engacwalanga	ingacwalanga
Class 5	licwalile, licwalē	elicwalile, elicwalē	licwalile, licwalē	alicwalanga	elingacwalanga	lingacwalanga
Class 6	acwalile, acwalē	acwalile, acwalē	ecwalile, ecwalē	awacwalanga	angacwalanga	engacwalanga
Class 7	sicwalile, sicwalē	esicwalile, esicwalē	sicwalile, sicwalē	asicwalanga	esingacwalanga	singacwalanga
Class 8	zicwalile, zicwalē	ezicwalile, ezicwalē	zicwalile, zicwalē	azicwalanga	ezingacwalanga	zingacwalanga
Class 9	icwalile, icwalē	ecwalile, ecwalē	icwalile, icwalē	ayicwalanga	engacwalanga	ingacwalanga
Class 10	zicwalile, zicwalē	ezicwalile, ezicwalē	zicwalile, zicwalē	azicwalanga	ezingacwalanga	zingacwalanga
Class 11	lucwalile, lucwalē	olucwalile, olucwalē	lucwalile, lucwalē	alucwalanga	olungacwalanga	lungacwalanga
Class 14	bucwalile, bucwalē	obucwalile, obucwalē	bucwalile, bucwalē	abucwalanga	obungacwalanga	bungacwalanga
Class 15	kucwalile, kucwalē	okucwalile, okucwalē	kucwalile, kucwalē	akucwalanga	okungacwalanga	kungacwalanga
Class 17	kucwalile, kucwalē	okucwalile, okucwalē	kucwalile, kucwalē	akucwalanga	okungacwalanga	kungacwalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngācwala	engācwala	ngācwala	angicwalanga	engingacwalanga	ngingacwalanga
2nd singular	wācwala	owācwala	wācwala	awucwalanga	ongacwalanga	ungacwalanga
1st plural	sācwala	esācwala	sācwala	asicwalanga	esingacwalanga	singacwalanga
2nd plural	nācwala	enācwala	nācwala	anicwalanga	eningacwalanga	ningacwalanga
Class 1	wācwala	owācwala	ācwala	akacwalanga	ongacwalanga	engacwalanga
Class 2	bācwala	abācwala	bācwala	abacwalanga	abangacwalanga	bengacwalanga
Class 3	wācwala	owācwala	wācwala	awucwalanga	ongacwalanga	ungacwalanga
Class 4	yācwala	eyācwala	yācwala	ayicwalanga	engacwalanga	ingacwalanga
Class 5	lācwala	elācwala	lācwala	alicwalanga	elingacwalanga	lingacwalanga
Class 6	ācwala	ācwala	ācwala	awacwalanga	angacwalanga	engacwalanga
Class 7	sācwala	esācwala	sācwala	asicwalanga	esingacwalanga	singacwalanga
Class 8	zācwala	ezācwala	zācwala	azicwalanga	ezingacwalanga	zingacwalanga
Class 9	yācwala	eyācwala	yācwala	ayicwalanga	engacwalanga	ingacwalanga
Class 10	zācwala	ezācwala	zācwala	azicwalanga	ezingacwalanga	zingacwalanga
Class 11	lwācwala	olwācwala	lwācwala	alucwalanga	olungacwalanga	lungacwalanga
Class 14	bācwala	obācwala	bācwala	abucwalanga	obungacwalanga	bungacwalanga
Class 15	kwācwala	okwācwala	kwācwala	akucwalanga	okungacwalanga	kungacwalanga
Class 17	kwācwala	okwācwala	kwācwala	akucwalanga	okungacwalanga	kungacwalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingacwala	—	ngingacwala	ngingecwale	—	ngingecwale
2nd singular	ungacwala	—	ungacwala	ungecwale	—	ungecwale
1st plural	singacwala	—	singacwala	singecwale	—	singecwale
2nd plural	ningacwala	—	ningacwala	ningecwale	—	ningecwale
Class 1	angacwala	—	engacwala	angecwale	—	engecwale
Class 2	bangacwala	—	bengacwala	bangecwale	—	bengecwale
Class 3	ungacwala	—	ungacwala	ungecwale	—	ungecwale
Class 4	ingacwala	—	ingacwala	ingecwale	—	ingecwale
Class 5	lingacwala	—	lingacwala	lingecwale	—	lingecwale
Class 6	angacwala	—	engacwala	angecwale	—	engecwale
Class 7	singacwala	—	singacwala	singecwale	—	singecwale
Class 8	zingacwala	—	zingacwala	zingecwale	—	zingecwale
Class 9	ingacwala	—	ingacwala	ingecwale	—	ingecwale
Class 10	zingacwala	—	zingacwala	zingecwale	—	zingecwale
Class 11	lungacwala	—	lungacwala	lungecwale	—	lungecwale
Class 14	bungacwala	—	bungacwala	bungecwale	—	bungecwale
Class 15	kungacwala	—	kungacwala	kungecwale	—	kungecwale
Class 17	kungacwala	—	kungacwala	kungecwale	—	kungecwale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizocwala	engizocwala	ngizocwala	angizucwala	engingezucwala	ngingezucwala
2nd singular	uzocwala	ozocwala	uzocwala	awuzucwala	ongezucwala	ungezucwala
1st plural	sizocwala	esizocwala	sizocwala	asizucwala	esingezucwala	singezucwala
2nd plural	nizocwala	enizocwala	nizocwala	anizucwala	eningezucwala	ningezucwala
Class 1	uzocwala	ozocwala	ezocwala	akazucwala	ongezucwala	engezucwala
Class 2	bazocwala	abazocwala	bezocwala	abazucwala	abangezucwala	bengezucwala
Class 3	uzocwala	ozocwala	uzocwala	awuzucwala	ongezucwala	ungezucwala
Class 4	izocwala	ezocwala	izocwala	ayizucwala	engezucwala	ingezucwala
Class 5	lizocwala	elizocwala	lizocwala	alizucwala	elingezucwala	lingezucwala
Class 6	azocwala	azocwala	ezocwala	awazucwala	angezucwala	engezucwala
Class 7	sizocwala	esizocwala	sizocwala	asizucwala	esingezucwala	singezucwala
Class 8	zizocwala	ezizocwala	zizocwala	azizucwala	ezingezucwala	zingezucwala
Class 9	izocwala	ezocwala	izocwala	ayizucwala	engezucwala	ingezucwala
Class 10	zizocwala	ezizocwala	zizocwala	azizucwala	ezingezucwala	zingezucwala
Class 11	luzocwala	oluzocwala	luzocwala	aluzucwala	olungezucwala	lungezucwala
Class 14	buzocwala	obuzocwala	buzocwala	abuzucwala	obungezucwala	bungezucwala
Class 15	kuzocwala	okuzocwala	kuzocwala	akuzucwala	okungezucwala	kungezucwala
Class 17	kuzocwala	okuzocwala	kuzocwala	akuzucwala	okungezucwala	kungezucwala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyocwala	engiyocwala	ngiyocwala	angiyucwala	engingeyucwala	ngingeyucwala
2nd singular	uyocwala	oyocwala	uyocwala	awuyucwala	ongeyucwala	ungeyucwala
1st plural	siyocwala	esiyocwala	siyocwala	asiyucwala	esingeyucwala	singeyucwala
2nd plural	niyocwala	eniyocwala	niyocwala	aniyucwala	eningeyucwala	ningeyucwala
Class 1	uyocwala	oyocwala	eyocwala	akayucwala	ongeyucwala	engeyucwala
Class 2	bayocwala	abayocwala	beyocwala	abayucwala	abangeyucwala	bengeyucwala
Class 3	uyocwala	oyocwala	uyocwala	awuyucwala	ongeyucwala	ungeyucwala
Class 4	iyocwala	eyocwala	iyocwala	ayiyucwala	engeyucwala	ingeyucwala
Class 5	liyocwala	eliyocwala	liyocwala	aliyucwala	elingeyucwala	lingeyucwala
Class 6	ayocwala	ayocwala	eyocwala	awayucwala	angeyucwala	engeyucwala
Class 7	siyocwala	esiyocwala	siyocwala	asiyucwala	esingeyucwala	singeyucwala
Class 8	ziyocwala	eziyocwala	ziyocwala	aziyucwala	ezingeyucwala	zingeyucwala
Class 9	iyocwala	eyocwala	iyocwala	ayiyucwala	engeyucwala	ingeyucwala
Class 10	ziyocwala	eziyocwala	ziyocwala	aziyucwala	ezingeyucwala	zingeyucwala
Class 11	luyocwala	oluyocwala	luyocwala	aluyucwala	olungeyucwala	lungeyucwala
Class 14	buyocwala	obuyocwala	buyocwala	abuyucwala	obungeyucwala	bungeyucwala
Class 15	kuyocwala	okuyocwala	kuyocwala	akuyucwala	okungeyucwala	kungeyucwala
Class 17	kuyocwala	okuyocwala	kuyocwala	akuyucwala	okungeyucwala	kungeyucwala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngicwale	ngingacwali
2nd singular	ucwale	ungacwali
1st plural	sicwale	singacwali
2nd plural	nicwale	ningacwali
Class 1	acwale	angacwali
Class 2	bacwale	bangacwali
Class 3	ucwale	ungacwali
Class 4	icwale	ingacwali
Class 5	licwale	lingacwali
Class 6	acwale	angacwali
Class 7	sicwale	singacwali
Class 8	zicwale	zingacwali
Class 9	icwale	ingacwali
Class 10	zicwale	zingacwali
Class 11	lucwale	lungacwali
Class 14	bucwale	bungacwali
Class 15	kucwale	kungacwali
Class 17	kucwale	kungacwali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngacwala	ngangacwala, angacwala, angangacwala
2nd singular	wacwala	wangacwala, awacwala, awangacwala
1st plural	sacwala	sangacwala, asacwala, asangacwala
2nd plural	nacwala	nangacwala, anacwala, anangacwala
Class 1	wacwala	wangacwala, akacwala, akangacwala
Class 2	bacwala	bangacwala, abacwala, abangacwala
Class 3	wacwala	wangacwala, awacwala, awangacwala
Class 4	yacwala	yangacwala, ayacwala, ayangacwala
Class 5	lacwala	langacwala, alacwala, alangacwala
Class 6	acwala	angacwala, awacwala, awangacwala
Class 7	sacwala	sangacwala, asacwala, asangacwala
Class 8	zacwala	zangacwala, azacwala, azangacwala
Class 9	yacwala	yangacwala, ayacwala, ayangacwala
Class 10	zacwala	zangacwala, azacwala, azangacwala
Class 11	lwacwala	lwangacwala, alwacwala, alwangacwala
Class 14	bacwala	bangacwala, abacwala, abangacwala
Class 15	kwacwala	kwangacwala, akwacwala, akwangacwala
Class 17	kwacwala	kwangacwala, akwacwala, akwangacwala

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cwala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cwala (6.3)”