croesi

See also: Croesi and Crœsi

Welsh

Etymology

From croes (“cross”) +‎ -i.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔɨ̯si/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔi̯si/

Verb

croesi (first-person singular present croesaf) (transitive, intransitive)

1. to cross
   1. to traverse; to go or cut across; to make or place crosswise; to make like a cross; to mark with a cross
   2. to cross out, erase, cancel
2. to make the sign of the cross, mark or sign with a cross; to bless; to defend, protect
3. to crucify
4. to oppose, withstand, encounter; to contradict; to offend
5. to cross-breed; to cross-fertilize; to cross-pollinate

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	croesiaf	croesi	croesia	croesiwn	croesiwch	croesiant	croesir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional	croesiwn	croesit	croesiai	croesiem	croesiech	croesient	croesid
preterite	croesiais	croesiaist	croesiodd	croesiasom	croesiasoch	croesiasant	croesiwyd
pluperfect	croesiaswn	croesiasit	croesiasai	croesiasem	croesiasech	croesiasent	croesiasid, croesiesid
present subjunctive	croesiwyf	croesiech	croesio	croesiom	croesioch	croesiont	croesier
imperative	—	croesia	croesied	croesiwn	croesiwch	croesient	croesier
verbal noun	croesi
verbal adjectives	croesiedig croesiadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	croesa i, croesaf i	croesi di	croesith o/e/hi, croesiff e/hi	croeswn ni	croeswch chi	croesan nhw
conditional	croeswn i	croeset ti	croesai fo/fe/hi	croesen ni	croesech chi	croesen nhw
preterite	croesais i, croeses i	croesaist ti, croesest ti	croesodd o/e/hi	croeson ni	croesoch chi	croeson nhw
imperative	—	croesa	—	—	croeswch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• croesiad m (“crossing; crucifixion; crossing with the sign of the cross; adverse circumstance; cross-breeding”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of croesi

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
croesi	groesi	nghroesi	chroesi

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “croesi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies