cravacher
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cravacher
- (transitive) to quirt, whip (hit with a quirt or whip)
- (figurative, intransitive) to pull one's socks up, knuckle down (work hard)
- 2015 January, Virginie Despentes, Vernon Subutex, volume 1, Éditions Grasset, →ISBN:
- Ils sont pressés d’aller quelque part et honteux de leur propre trouille de finir à sa place, s’ils ne cravachent pas assez dur. Laurent a raison, ils ont des vies de merde.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of cravacher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | cravacher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cravachant /kʁa.va.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cravaché /kʁa.va.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
cravaches /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
cravachons /kʁa.va.ʃɔ̃/ |
cravachez /kʁa.va.ʃe/ |
cravachent /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
| imperfect | cravachais /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ |
cravachais /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ |
cravachait /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ |
cravachions /kʁa.va.ʃjɔ̃/ |
cravachiez /kʁa.va.ʃje/ |
cravachaient /kʁa.va.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cravachai /kʁa.va.ʃe/ |
cravachas /kʁa.va.ʃa/ |
cravacha /kʁa.va.ʃa/ |
cravachâmes /kʁa.va.ʃam/ |
cravachâtes /kʁa.va.ʃat/ |
cravachèrent /kʁa.va.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | cravacherai /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁe/ |
cravacheras /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁa/ |
cravachera /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁa/ |
cravacherons /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
cravacherez /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁe/ |
cravacheront /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cravacherais /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ |
cravacherais /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ |
cravacherait /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ |
cravacherions /kʁa.va.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cravacheriez /kʁa.va.ʃə.ʁje/ |
cravacheraient /kʁa.vaʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
cravaches /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
cravachions /kʁa.va.ʃjɔ̃/ |
cravachiez /kʁa.va.ʃje/ |
cravachent /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | cravachasse /kʁa.va.ʃas/ |
cravachasses /kʁa.va.ʃas/ |
cravachât /kʁa.va.ʃa/ |
cravachassions /kʁa.va.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
cravachassiez /kʁa.va.ʃa.sje/ |
cravachassent /kʁa.va.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cravache /kʁa.vaʃ/ |
— | cravachons /kʁa.va.ʃɔ̃/ |
cravachez /kʁa.va.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
[edit]- “cravacher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.