clwyfo
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From clwyf (“wound, sore”) + -o.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈklʊɨ̯vɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈklʊi̯vɔ/
Verb
[edit]clwyfo (first-person singular present clwyfaf)
- to wound
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | clwyfaf | clwyfi | clwyfa | clwyfwn | clwyfwch | clwyfant | clwyfir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
clwyfwn | clwyfit | clwyfai | clwyfem | clwyfech | clwyfent | clwyfid | |
preterite | clwyfais | clwyfaist | clwyfodd | clwyfasom | clwyfasoch | clwyfasant | clwyfwyd | |
pluperfect | clwyfaswn | clwyfasit | clwyfasai | clwyfasem | clwyfasech | clwyfasent | clwyfasid, clwyfesid | |
present subjunctive | clwyfwyf | clwyfych | clwyfo | clwyfom | clwyfoch | clwyfont | clwyfer | |
imperative | — | clwyfa | clwyfed | clwyfwn | clwyfwch | clwyfent | clwyfer | |
verbal noun | clwyfo | |||||||
verbal adjectives | clwyfedig clwyfadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | clwyfa i, clwyfaf i | clwyfi di | clwyfith o/e/hi, clwyfiff e/hi | clwyfwn ni | clwyfwch chi | clwyfan nhw |
conditional | clwyfwn i, clwyfswn i | clwyfet ti, clwyfset ti | clwyfai fo/fe/hi, clwyfsai fo/fe/hi | clwyfen ni, clwyfsen ni | clwyfech chi, clwyfsech chi | clwyfen nhw, clwyfsen nhw |
preterite | clwyfais i, clwyfes i | clwyfaist ti, clwyfest ti | clwyfodd o/e/hi | clwyfon ni | clwyfoch chi | clwyfon nhw |
imperative | — | clwyfa | — | — | clwyfwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Mutation
[edit]Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
clwyfo | glwyfo | nghlwyfo | chlwyfo |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “clwyfo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies