circumfodio

Latin

Etymology

From circum- (“circum-”) +‎ fodiō (“I dig, bury”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kir.kumˈfo.di.oː/, [kɪrkũːˈfɔd̪ioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃir.kumˈfo.di.o/, [t͡ʃirkumˈfɔːd̪io]

Verb

circumfodiō (present infinitive circumfodere, perfect active circumfōdī, supine circumfossum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. to dig around or about
   • c. 400 CE, Palladius, Opus agriculturae 4.10.19:

     Amat putari atque circumfodi et parco umore inter siccitates saepe refoveri.

     It likes to be pruned and dug, and to be often refreshed with a little water in dry seasons.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of circumfodiō (third conjugation iō-variant)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	circumfodiō		circumfodis		circumfodit		circumfodimus		circumfoditis		circumfodiunt
	imperfect	circumfodiēbam		circumfodiēbās		circumfodiēbat		circumfodiēbāmus		circumfodiēbātis		circumfodiēbant
	future	circumfodiam		circumfodiēs		circumfodiet		circumfodiēmus		circumfodiētis		circumfodient
	perfect	circumfōdī		circumfōdistī		circumfōdit		circumfōdimus		circumfōdistis		circumfōdēre, circumfōdērunt
	pluperfect	circumfōderam		circumfōderās		circumfōderat		circumfōderāmus		circumfōderātis		circumfōderant
	future perfect	circumfōderō		circumfōderis		circumfōderit		circumfōderimus		circumfōderitis		circumfōderint
passive	present	circumfodior		circumfodere, circumfoderis		circumfoditur		circumfodimur		circumfodiminī		circumfodiuntur
	imperfect	circumfodiēbar		circumfodiēbāre, circumfodiēbāris		circumfodiēbātur		circumfodiēbāmur		circumfodiēbāminī		circumfodiēbantur
	future	circumfodiar		circumfodiēre, circumfodiēris		circumfodiētur		circumfodiēmur		circumfodiēminī		circumfodientur
	perfect	circumfossus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	circumfossus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	circumfossus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	circumfodiam		circumfodiās		circumfodiat		circumfodiāmus		circumfodiātis		circumfodiant
	imperfect	circumfoderem		circumfoderēs		circumfoderet		circumfoderēmus		circumfoderētis		circumfoderent
	perfect	circumfōderim		circumfōderīs		circumfōderit		circumfōderīmus		circumfōderītis		circumfōderint
	pluperfect	circumfōdissem		circumfōdissēs		circumfōdisset		circumfōdissēmus		circumfōdissētis		circumfōdissent
passive	present	circumfodiar		circumfodiāre, circumfodiāris		circumfodiātur		circumfodiāmur		circumfodiāminī		circumfodiantur
	imperfect	circumfoderer		circumfoderēre, circumfoderēris		circumfoderētur		circumfoderēmur		circumfoderēminī		circumfoderentur
	perfect	circumfossus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	circumfossus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		circumfode		—		—		circumfodite		—
	future	—		circumfoditō		circumfoditō		—		circumfoditōte		circumfodiuntō
passive	present	—		circumfodere		—		—		circumfodiminī		—
	future	—		circumfoditor		circumfoditor		—		—		circumfodiuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		circumfodere			circumfodī			circumfodiēns			—
future		circumfossūrum esse			circumfossum īrī			circumfossūrus			circumfodiendus, circumfodiundus
perfect		circumfōdisse			circumfossum esse			—			circumfossus
future perfect		—			circumfossum fore			—			—
perfect potential		circumfossūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		circumfodiendī		circumfodiendō		circumfodiendum		circumfodiendō		circumfossum		circumfossū

Derived terms

• circumfossor
• circumfossus

Descendants

• French: cerfoïr
  • Middle French: cerfouir, serfouir
    • French: serfouir (with unetymological s- kept in the official spelling)
  • Norman: cherfoui'

References

• “circumfodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• circumfodio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.