cietums
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Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From ciets (“hard, solid”) + -ums.
Noun
[edit]cietums m (1st declension)
- prison (government institution where people are kept before trial, or while serving their sentences after trial)
- ieslodzīt cietumā ― to lock (someone) up in prison
- cietuma kamera ― prison cell
- (figuratively) prison (place where freedom of movement is limited, where living conditions are difficult)
- cariskā Krievija ir tautu cietums ― czarist Russia is the prison of peoples, nations
- (chiefly in the singular) hardness, solidity, thickness (the quality of that which is hard, solid)
- vielas cietums ― the hardness of a substance
- fizikāla ķermeņa cietums ― the hardness of a physical body
- granīta cietums ― the hardness of granite
- matu īpašības, piemēram, to cietums un rupjums, zināmā mērā ir atkarīgas no iedzimtības ― hair properties, for instance, its thickness and roughness, are to a certain extent dependent on heredity
- hard spot, lump (in the human body)
- cietums delnā ― a hard spot, lump on the palm of the hand
- zemādas cietumi ― subcutaneous lumps, hard spots
- (chiefly singular; of water) hardness (the quality of containing salts of calcium or magnesium)
- samazināt ūdens cietumu ― to reduce the hardness of the water
Declension
[edit]Declension of cietums (1st declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | cietums | cietumi |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | cietumu | cietumus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | cietuma | cietumu |
| dative (datīvs) | cietumam | cietumiem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | cietumu | cietumiem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | cietumā | cietumos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | cietum | cietumi |