chalongier

Old French

Alternative forms

• calunjer, chalenger, chalengier

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin calumniāre (Latin calumniārī).

Verb

chalongier

1. to dispute; to challenge (something)
2. to claim
3. to fight; to engage in battle
4. to challenge (someone)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of chalongier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		chalongier			avoir chalongié
gerund		en chalonjant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		chalonjant
past participle		chalongié
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	chalonge	chalonges	chalonge	chalonjons	chalongiez	chalongent
	imperfect	chalonjoie, chalongeie, chalonjoe, chalongieve	chalonjoies, chalongeies, chalonjoes, chalongieves	chalonjoit, chalongeit, chalonjot, chalongieve	chalongiiens, chalongiens	chalongiiez, chalongiez	chalonjoient, chalongeient, chalonjoent, chalongievent
	preterite	chalonjai	chalonjas	chalonja	chalonjames	chalonjastes	chalongierent
	future	chalongerai	chalongeras	chalongera	chalongerons	chalongeroiz, chalongereiz, chalongerez	chalongeront
	conditional	chalongeroie, chalongereie	chalongeroies, chalongereies	chalongeroit, chalongereit	chalongeriiens, chalongeriens	chalongeriiez, chalongeriez	chalongeroient, chalongereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	chalonge	chalonges	chalonge	chalonjons	chalongiez	chalongent
	imperfect	chalonjasse	chalonjasses	chalonjast	chalongissons, chalongissiens	chalongissoiz, chalongissez, chalongissiez	chalonjassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	chalonge	—	chalonjons	chalongiez	—

Descendants

• → Middle English: chalengen, calange, calangy, calenge, calengen, chalange, chalengyn, challengen, kalange
  • English: challenge
  • Scots: challenge

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (chalongier)