cefnogi
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]cefnogi (first-person singular present cefnogaf)
- (transitive) to support, to encourage, to back
- (transitive) to second (a motion)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cefnogaf | cefnogi | cefnoga | cefnogwn | cefnogwch | cefnogant | cefnogir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cefnogwn | cefnogit | cefnogai | cefnogem | cefnogech | cefnogent | cefnogid | |
| preterite | cefnogais | cefnogaist | cefnogodd | cefnogasom | cefnogasoch | cefnogasant | cefnogwyd | |
| pluperfect | cefnogaswn | cefnogasit | cefnogasai | cefnogasem | cefnogasech | cefnogasent | cefnogasid, cefnogesid | |
| present subjunctive | cefnogwyf | cefnogych | cefnogo | cefnogom | cefnogoch | cefnogont | cefnoger | |
| imperative | — | cefnoga | cefnoged | cefnogwn | cefnogwch | cefnogent | cefnoger | |
| verbal noun | cefnogi | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cefnogedig cefnogadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cefnoga i, cefnogaf i | cefnogi di | cefnogith o/e/hi, cefnogiff e/hi | cefnogwn ni | cefnogwch chi | cefnogan nhw |
| conditional | cefnogwn i, cefnogswn i | cefnoget ti, cefnogset ti | cefnogai fo/fe/hi, cefnogsai fo/fe/hi | cefnogen ni, cefnogsen ni | cefnogech chi, cefnogsech chi | cefnogen nhw, cefnogsen nhw |
| preterite | cefnogais i, cefnoges i | cefnogaist ti, cefnogest ti | cefnogodd o/e/hi | cefnogon ni | cefnogoch chi | cefnogon nhw |
| imperative | — | cefnoga | — | — | cefnogwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- cefnogwr (“supporter”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| cefnogi | gefnogi | nghefnogi | chefnogi |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cefnogi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies