cambalala

Tsonga

Verb

cambalala

to scatter (of a flock)

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (“sprawl”), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (“sprawl”).

Verb

-cámbálala

(intransitive) to lie on the stomach

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dàmbadada (“sprawl”), a double extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-dàmba (“sprawl”).

Verb

-cambalála

(intransitive) to lie down, to recline

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukucambalala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukucambalala	ukungacambalali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	cambalala	-cambalale
Plural	cambalalani	-cambalaleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyacambalala, ngicambalala	engicambalalayo, engicambalala	ngicambalala	angicambalali	engingacambalali	ngingacambalali
2nd singular	uyacambalala, ucambalala	ocambalalayo, ocambalala	ucambalala	awucambalali	ongacambalali	ungacambalali
1st plural	siyacambalala, sicambalala	esicambalalayo, esicambalala	sicambalala	asicambalali	esingacambalali	singacambalali
2nd plural	niyacambalala, nicambalala	enicambalalayo, enicambalala	nicambalala	anicambalali	eningacambalali	ningacambalali
Class 1	uyacambalala, ucambalala	ocambalalayo, ocambalala	ecambalala	akacambalali	ongacambalali	engacambalali
Class 2	bayacambalala, bacambalala	abacambalalayo, abacambalala	becambalala	abacambalali	abangacambalali	bengacambalali
Class 3	uyacambalala, ucambalala	ocambalalayo, ocambalala	ucambalala	awucambalali	ongacambalali	ungacambalali
Class 4	iyacambalala, icambalala	ecambalalayo, ecambalala	icambalala	ayicambalali	engacambalali	ingacambalali
Class 5	liyacambalala, licambalala	elicambalalayo, elicambalala	licambalala	alicambalali	elingacambalali	lingacambalali
Class 6	ayacambalala, acambalala	acambalalayo, acambalala	ecambalala	awacambalali	angacambalali	engacambalali
Class 7	siyacambalala, sicambalala	esicambalalayo, esicambalala	sicambalala	asicambalali	esingacambalali	singacambalali
Class 8	ziyacambalala, zicambalala	ezicambalalayo, ezicambalala	zicambalala	azicambalali	ezingacambalali	zingacambalali
Class 9	iyacambalala, icambalala	ecambalalayo, ecambalala	icambalala	ayicambalali	engacambalali	ingacambalali
Class 10	ziyacambalala, zicambalala	ezicambalalayo, ezicambalala	zicambalala	azicambalali	ezingacambalali	zingacambalali
Class 11	luyacambalala, lucambalala	olucambalalayo, olucambalala	lucambalala	alucambalali	olungacambalali	lungacambalali
Class 14	buyacambalala, bucambalala	obucambalalayo, obucambalala	bucambalala	abucambalali	obungacambalali	bungacambalali
Class 15	kuyacambalala, kucambalala	okucambalalayo, okucambalala	kucambalala	akucambalali	okungacambalali	kungacambalali
Class 17	kuyacambalala, kucambalala	okucambalalayo, okucambalala	kucambalala	akucambalali	okungacambalali	kungacambalali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngicambalalile, ngicambalalē	engicambalalile, engicambalalē	ngicambalalile, ngicambalalē	angicambalalanga	engingacambalalanga	ngingacambalalanga
2nd singular	ucambalalile, ucambalalē	ocambalalile, ocambalalē	ucambalalile, ucambalalē	awucambalalanga	ongacambalalanga	ungacambalalanga
1st plural	sicambalalile, sicambalalē	esicambalalile, esicambalalē	sicambalalile, sicambalalē	asicambalalanga	esingacambalalanga	singacambalalanga
2nd plural	nicambalalile, nicambalalē	enicambalalile, enicambalalē	nicambalalile, nicambalalē	anicambalalanga	eningacambalalanga	ningacambalalanga
Class 1	ucambalalile, ucambalalē	ocambalalile, ocambalalē	ecambalalile, ecambalalē	akacambalalanga	ongacambalalanga	engacambalalanga
Class 2	bacambalalile, bacambalalē	abacambalalile, abacambalalē	becambalalile, becambalalē	abacambalalanga	abangacambalalanga	bengacambalalanga
Class 3	ucambalalile, ucambalalē	ocambalalile, ocambalalē	ucambalalile, ucambalalē	awucambalalanga	ongacambalalanga	ungacambalalanga
Class 4	icambalalile, icambalalē	ecambalalile, ecambalalē	icambalalile, icambalalē	ayicambalalanga	engacambalalanga	ingacambalalanga
Class 5	licambalalile, licambalalē	elicambalalile, elicambalalē	licambalalile, licambalalē	alicambalalanga	elingacambalalanga	lingacambalalanga
Class 6	acambalalile, acambalalē	acambalalile, acambalalē	ecambalalile, ecambalalē	awacambalalanga	angacambalalanga	engacambalalanga
Class 7	sicambalalile, sicambalalē	esicambalalile, esicambalalē	sicambalalile, sicambalalē	asicambalalanga	esingacambalalanga	singacambalalanga
Class 8	zicambalalile, zicambalalē	ezicambalalile, ezicambalalē	zicambalalile, zicambalalē	azicambalalanga	ezingacambalalanga	zingacambalalanga
Class 9	icambalalile, icambalalē	ecambalalile, ecambalalē	icambalalile, icambalalē	ayicambalalanga	engacambalalanga	ingacambalalanga
Class 10	zicambalalile, zicambalalē	ezicambalalile, ezicambalalē	zicambalalile, zicambalalē	azicambalalanga	ezingacambalalanga	zingacambalalanga
Class 11	lucambalalile, lucambalalē	olucambalalile, olucambalalē	lucambalalile, lucambalalē	alucambalalanga	olungacambalalanga	lungacambalalanga
Class 14	bucambalalile, bucambalalē	obucambalalile, obucambalalē	bucambalalile, bucambalalē	abucambalalanga	obungacambalalanga	bungacambalalanga
Class 15	kucambalalile, kucambalalē	okucambalalile, okucambalalē	kucambalalile, kucambalalē	akucambalalanga	okungacambalalanga	kungacambalalanga
Class 17	kucambalalile, kucambalalē	okucambalalile, okucambalalē	kucambalalile, kucambalalē	akucambalalanga	okungacambalalanga	kungacambalalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngācambalala	engācambalala	ngācambalala	angicambalalanga	engingacambalalanga	ngingacambalalanga
2nd singular	wācambalala	owācambalala	wācambalala	awucambalalanga	ongacambalalanga	ungacambalalanga
1st plural	sācambalala	esācambalala	sācambalala	asicambalalanga	esingacambalalanga	singacambalalanga
2nd plural	nācambalala	enācambalala	nācambalala	anicambalalanga	eningacambalalanga	ningacambalalanga
Class 1	wācambalala	owācambalala	ācambalala	akacambalalanga	ongacambalalanga	engacambalalanga
Class 2	bācambalala	abācambalala	bācambalala	abacambalalanga	abangacambalalanga	bengacambalalanga
Class 3	wācambalala	owācambalala	wācambalala	awucambalalanga	ongacambalalanga	ungacambalalanga
Class 4	yācambalala	eyācambalala	yācambalala	ayicambalalanga	engacambalalanga	ingacambalalanga
Class 5	lācambalala	elācambalala	lācambalala	alicambalalanga	elingacambalalanga	lingacambalalanga
Class 6	ācambalala	ācambalala	ācambalala	awacambalalanga	angacambalalanga	engacambalalanga
Class 7	sācambalala	esācambalala	sācambalala	asicambalalanga	esingacambalalanga	singacambalalanga
Class 8	zācambalala	ezācambalala	zācambalala	azicambalalanga	ezingacambalalanga	zingacambalalanga
Class 9	yācambalala	eyācambalala	yācambalala	ayicambalalanga	engacambalalanga	ingacambalalanga
Class 10	zācambalala	ezācambalala	zācambalala	azicambalalanga	ezingacambalalanga	zingacambalalanga
Class 11	lwācambalala	olwācambalala	lwācambalala	alucambalalanga	olungacambalalanga	lungacambalalanga
Class 14	bācambalala	obācambalala	bācambalala	abucambalalanga	obungacambalalanga	bungacambalalanga
Class 15	kwācambalala	okwācambalala	kwācambalala	akucambalalanga	okungacambalalanga	kungacambalalanga
Class 17	kwācambalala	okwācambalala	kwācambalala	akucambalalanga	okungacambalalanga	kungacambalalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingacambalala	—	ngingacambalala	ngingecambalale	—	ngingecambalale
2nd singular	ungacambalala	—	ungacambalala	ungecambalale	—	ungecambalale
1st plural	singacambalala	—	singacambalala	singecambalale	—	singecambalale
2nd plural	ningacambalala	—	ningacambalala	ningecambalale	—	ningecambalale
Class 1	angacambalala	—	engacambalala	angecambalale	—	engecambalale
Class 2	bangacambalala	—	bengacambalala	bangecambalale	—	bengecambalale
Class 3	ungacambalala	—	ungacambalala	ungecambalale	—	ungecambalale
Class 4	ingacambalala	—	ingacambalala	ingecambalale	—	ingecambalale
Class 5	lingacambalala	—	lingacambalala	lingecambalale	—	lingecambalale
Class 6	angacambalala	—	engacambalala	angecambalale	—	engecambalale
Class 7	singacambalala	—	singacambalala	singecambalale	—	singecambalale
Class 8	zingacambalala	—	zingacambalala	zingecambalale	—	zingecambalale
Class 9	ingacambalala	—	ingacambalala	ingecambalale	—	ingecambalale
Class 10	zingacambalala	—	zingacambalala	zingecambalale	—	zingecambalale
Class 11	lungacambalala	—	lungacambalala	lungecambalale	—	lungecambalale
Class 14	bungacambalala	—	bungacambalala	bungecambalale	—	bungecambalale
Class 15	kungacambalala	—	kungacambalala	kungecambalale	—	kungecambalale
Class 17	kungacambalala	—	kungacambalala	kungecambalale	—	kungecambalale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizocambalala	engizocambalala	ngizocambalala	angizucambalala	engingezucambalala	ngingezucambalala
2nd singular	uzocambalala	ozocambalala	uzocambalala	awuzucambalala	ongezucambalala	ungezucambalala
1st plural	sizocambalala	esizocambalala	sizocambalala	asizucambalala	esingezucambalala	singezucambalala
2nd plural	nizocambalala	enizocambalala	nizocambalala	anizucambalala	eningezucambalala	ningezucambalala
Class 1	uzocambalala	ozocambalala	ezocambalala	akazucambalala	ongezucambalala	engezucambalala
Class 2	bazocambalala	abazocambalala	bezocambalala	abazucambalala	abangezucambalala	bengezucambalala
Class 3	uzocambalala	ozocambalala	uzocambalala	awuzucambalala	ongezucambalala	ungezucambalala
Class 4	izocambalala	ezocambalala	izocambalala	ayizucambalala	engezucambalala	ingezucambalala
Class 5	lizocambalala	elizocambalala	lizocambalala	alizucambalala	elingezucambalala	lingezucambalala
Class 6	azocambalala	azocambalala	ezocambalala	awazucambalala	angezucambalala	engezucambalala
Class 7	sizocambalala	esizocambalala	sizocambalala	asizucambalala	esingezucambalala	singezucambalala
Class 8	zizocambalala	ezizocambalala	zizocambalala	azizucambalala	ezingezucambalala	zingezucambalala
Class 9	izocambalala	ezocambalala	izocambalala	ayizucambalala	engezucambalala	ingezucambalala
Class 10	zizocambalala	ezizocambalala	zizocambalala	azizucambalala	ezingezucambalala	zingezucambalala
Class 11	luzocambalala	oluzocambalala	luzocambalala	aluzucambalala	olungezucambalala	lungezucambalala
Class 14	buzocambalala	obuzocambalala	buzocambalala	abuzucambalala	obungezucambalala	bungezucambalala
Class 15	kuzocambalala	okuzocambalala	kuzocambalala	akuzucambalala	okungezucambalala	kungezucambalala
Class 17	kuzocambalala	okuzocambalala	kuzocambalala	akuzucambalala	okungezucambalala	kungezucambalala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyocambalala	engiyocambalala	ngiyocambalala	angiyucambalala	engingeyucambalala	ngingeyucambalala
2nd singular	uyocambalala	oyocambalala	uyocambalala	awuyucambalala	ongeyucambalala	ungeyucambalala
1st plural	siyocambalala	esiyocambalala	siyocambalala	asiyucambalala	esingeyucambalala	singeyucambalala
2nd plural	niyocambalala	eniyocambalala	niyocambalala	aniyucambalala	eningeyucambalala	ningeyucambalala
Class 1	uyocambalala	oyocambalala	eyocambalala	akayucambalala	ongeyucambalala	engeyucambalala
Class 2	bayocambalala	abayocambalala	beyocambalala	abayucambalala	abangeyucambalala	bengeyucambalala
Class 3	uyocambalala	oyocambalala	uyocambalala	awuyucambalala	ongeyucambalala	ungeyucambalala
Class 4	iyocambalala	eyocambalala	iyocambalala	ayiyucambalala	engeyucambalala	ingeyucambalala
Class 5	liyocambalala	eliyocambalala	liyocambalala	aliyucambalala	elingeyucambalala	lingeyucambalala
Class 6	ayocambalala	ayocambalala	eyocambalala	awayucambalala	angeyucambalala	engeyucambalala
Class 7	siyocambalala	esiyocambalala	siyocambalala	asiyucambalala	esingeyucambalala	singeyucambalala
Class 8	ziyocambalala	eziyocambalala	ziyocambalala	aziyucambalala	ezingeyucambalala	zingeyucambalala
Class 9	iyocambalala	eyocambalala	iyocambalala	ayiyucambalala	engeyucambalala	ingeyucambalala
Class 10	ziyocambalala	eziyocambalala	ziyocambalala	aziyucambalala	ezingeyucambalala	zingeyucambalala
Class 11	luyocambalala	oluyocambalala	luyocambalala	aluyucambalala	olungeyucambalala	lungeyucambalala
Class 14	buyocambalala	obuyocambalala	buyocambalala	abuyucambalala	obungeyucambalala	bungeyucambalala
Class 15	kuyocambalala	okuyocambalala	kuyocambalala	akuyucambalala	okungeyucambalala	kungeyucambalala
Class 17	kuyocambalala	okuyocambalala	kuyocambalala	akuyucambalala	okungeyucambalala	kungeyucambalala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngicambalale	ngingacambalali
2nd singular	ucambalale	ungacambalali
1st plural	sicambalale	singacambalali
2nd plural	nicambalale	ningacambalali
Class 1	acambalale	angacambalali
Class 2	bacambalale	bangacambalali
Class 3	ucambalale	ungacambalali
Class 4	icambalale	ingacambalali
Class 5	licambalale	lingacambalali
Class 6	acambalale	angacambalali
Class 7	sicambalale	singacambalali
Class 8	zicambalale	zingacambalali
Class 9	icambalale	ingacambalali
Class 10	zicambalale	zingacambalali
Class 11	lucambalale	lungacambalali
Class 14	bucambalale	bungacambalali
Class 15	kucambalale	kungacambalali
Class 17	kucambalale	kungacambalali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngacambalala	ngangacambalala, angacambalala, angangacambalala
2nd singular	wacambalala	wangacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala
1st plural	sacambalala	sangacambalala, asacambalala, asangacambalala
2nd plural	nacambalala	nangacambalala, anacambalala, anangacambalala
Class 1	wacambalala	wangacambalala, akacambalala, akangacambalala
Class 2	bacambalala	bangacambalala, abacambalala, abangacambalala
Class 3	wacambalala	wangacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala
Class 4	yacambalala	yangacambalala, ayacambalala, ayangacambalala
Class 5	lacambalala	langacambalala, alacambalala, alangacambalala
Class 6	acambalala	angacambalala, awacambalala, awangacambalala
Class 7	sacambalala	sangacambalala, asacambalala, asangacambalala
Class 8	zacambalala	zangacambalala, azacambalala, azangacambalala
Class 9	yacambalala	yangacambalala, ayacambalala, ayangacambalala
Class 10	zacambalala	zangacambalala, azacambalala, azangacambalala
Class 11	lwacambalala	lwangacambalala, alwacambalala, alwangacambalala
Class 14	bacambalala	bangacambalala, abacambalala, abangacambalala
Class 15	kwacambalala	kwangacambalala, akwacambalala, akwangacambalala
Class 17	kwacambalala	kwangacambalala, akwacambalala, akwangacambalala

References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-cambalala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-cambalala (3.3.2.9)”