callio
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From call (“wise, sensible”) + -io.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]callio (first-person singular present calliaf)
- to become wise, to wise up, to get one's act together
- Mae angen iddo gallio.
- He needs to get his act together.
- Callia, wnei di.
- Wise up, why don't you.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | calliaf | celli | callia | calliwn | celliwch, calliwch | calliant | cellir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | calliwn | cellit | calliai | calliem | calliech | callient | cellid | |
| preterite | celliais | celliaist | calliodd | calliasom | calliasoch | calliasant | calliwyd | |
| pluperfect | calliaswn | calliasit | calliasai | calliasem | calliasech | calliasent | calliasid, calliesid | |
| present subjunctive | calliwyf | celliech | callio | calliom | callioch | calliont | callier | |
| imperative | — | callia | callied | calliwn | celliwch, calliwch | callient | callier | |
| verbal noun | callio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | calliedig calliadwy | |||||||
| inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | callia i, calliaf i |
calli di | callith o/e/hi, calliff e/hi |
calliwn ni | calliwch chi | callian nhw |
| conditional | calliwn i, callswn i |
calliet ti, callset ti |
calliai fo/fe/hi, callsai fo/fe/hi |
callien ni, callsen ni |
calliech chi, callsech chi |
callien nhw, callsen nhw |
| preterite | calliais i, callies i |
calliaist ti, calliest ti |
calliodd o/e/hi | callion ni | callioch chi | callion nhw |
| imperative | — | callia | — | — | calliwch | — |
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| callio | gallio | nghallio | challio |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “callio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies