cakar

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay cakar. Doublet of ceker.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃakar]
• Hyphenation: ca‧kar

Noun

cakar (plural cakar-cakar)

1. talon; claw

   Hypernym: kuku

Verb

cakar

1. to scratch; to claw

Conjugation

Conjugation of cakar (meng-, transitive)

root	cakar
	active	passive		imperative colloquial	emphatic jussive
		reflective1	ordinary
	ordinary
active	mencakar	tercakar	dicakar	cakar	cakarlah
locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	mencakarkan	tercakarkan	dicakarkan	cakarkan	cakarkanlah
	causative
active	–	–	–	–	–
locative	–	–	–	–	–
perfective causative / applicative2	mempercakarkan	terpercakarkan	dipercakarkan	percakarkan	percakarkanlah

¹ There is other form of reflective passive verb with affixation of ke- -an which not included in the table. This form is only attested in active voice without causative affixation of per-.
² The -kan row is either causative or applicative. With transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning.
Some of these forms do not normally exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• bercakar-cakaran
• bersicakar
• cakar ayam
• cakar besi
• cakar setan
• cakar-balar
• cakar-mencakar
• pencakar

Further reading

• “cakar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃaka(r)/
• Rhymes: -akar, -kar, -ar

Noun

cakar (Jawi spelling چاکر, plural cakar-cakar)

1. talon; claw

   Hypernym: kuku

Descendants

• Indonesian: cakar

Verb

cakar

1. to scratch; to claw

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pencakar [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pencakaran [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• cakaran [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• percakaran [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• mencakar [agent focus] (meN-)
• mencakar-cakar [reduplication + agent focus] (redup + meN-)
• dicakar [patient focus] (di-)
• tercakar [agentless action] (teR-)
• bercakar [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• bercakaran [stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (beR- + -an)
• bercakar-cakaran [reduplication + stative / habitual + repetition / reciprocity] (redup + beR- + -an)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• cakar ayam
• cakar besi

Descendants

• > Indonesian: cakar (inherited)

Further reading

• “cakar” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.