cadarnhau
Appearance
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From cadarn (“strong, powerful, steadfast, firm, immovable, established, valid”) + -hau.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkadarnˈhaɨ̯/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌkadarnˈhai̯/
- Rhymes: -aɨ̯
Verb
[edit]cadarnhau (first-person singular present cadarnhâf)
- (transitive, intransitive) to strengthen, make fast or firm, secure, fortify, safeguard, reinforce, replenish; to harden, become obstinate; to cure, heal, make well; to perfect, complete
- (transitive, intransitive) to declare, affirm, assert, allege; to substantiate, establish, make valid, ratify, sanction, authorize
- (transitive, intransitive) to confirm, lay hands on (in blessing)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | cadarnhâf | cadarnhei | cadarnhâ | cadarnhawn | cadarnhewch | cadarnhânt | cadarnheir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | cadarnhawn | cadarnhait | cadarnhâi | cadarnhaem | cadarnhaech | cadarnhaent | cadarnheid | |
preterite | cadarnheais | cadarnheaist | cadarnhaodd | cadarnhasom | cadarnhasoch | cadarnhasant | cadarnhawyd | |
pluperfect | cadarnhaswn | cadarnhasit | cadarnhasai | cadarnhasem | cadarnhasech | cadarnhasent | cadarnhasid, cadarnhesid | |
present subjunctive | cadarnhawyf | cadarnheych | cadarnhao | cadarnhaom | cadarnhaoch | cadarnhaont | cadarnhaer | |
imperative | — | cadarnhâ | cadarnhaed | cadarnhawn | cadarnhewch | cadarnhaent | cadarnhaer | |
verbal noun | cadarnhau | |||||||
verbal adjectives | cadarnhedig cadarnhadwy |
Derived terms
[edit]- cadarnhaol (“strengthening, reinforcing; positive, affirmative, confirmatory”, adjective)
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
cadarnhau | gadarnhau | nghadarnhau | chadarnhau |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cadarnhaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies