byddaru
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /bəˈðarɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /bəˈða(ː)ri/
- Rhymes: -arɨ
Verb
[edit]byddaru (first-person singular present byddaraf)
- to deafen
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | byddaraf | bydderi | byddara | byddarwn | bydderwch, byddarwch | byddarant | bydderir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
byddarwn | byddarit | byddarai | byddarem | byddarech | byddarent | bydderid | |
| preterite | bydderais | bydderaist | byddarodd | byddarasom | byddarasoch | byddarasant | byddarwyd | |
| pluperfect | byddaraswn | byddarasit | byddarasai | byddarasem | byddarasech | byddarasent | byddarasid, byddaresid | |
| present subjunctive | byddarwyf | bydderych | byddaro | byddarom | byddaroch | byddaront | byddarer | |
| imperative | — | byddara | byddared | byddarwn | bydderwch, byddarwch | byddarent | byddarer | |
| verbal noun | byddaru | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | byddaredig byddaradwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | byddara i, byddaraf i | byddari di | byddarith o/e/hi, byddariff e/hi | byddarwn ni | byddarwch chi | byddaran nhw |
| conditional | byddarwn i, byddarswn i | byddaret ti, byddarset ti | byddarai fo/fe/hi, byddarsai fo/fe/hi | byddaren ni, byddarsen ni | byddarech chi, byddarsech chi | byddaren nhw, byddarsen nhw |
| preterite | byddarais i, byddares i | byddaraist ti, byddarest ti | byddarodd o/e/hi | byddaron ni | byddaroch chi | byddaron nhw |
| imperative | — | byddara | — | — | byddarwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| byddaru | fyddaru | myddaru | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “byddaru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies