bjn

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːʔən/ → /ˈβoːʔən/

• (adjective): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/
• (adjective): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːjin/
• (adjective): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈbaːʔən/
• (adjective): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈβoːʔən/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /bin/
  • Conventional anglicization: bin

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive, of people) to acquire or have bad qualities [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
   1. (intransitive) to be(come) bad or evil (+ ḥnꜥ: toward (someone))
   2. (intransitive) to be(come) useless or good for nothing
   3. (intransitive) to be(come) in a miserable or wretched state
2. (intransitive, of animals and things) to be(come) harmful
3. (intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) unpropitious or calamitous
4. (intransitive, of milk) to sour, to go bad

Inflection

Conjugation of bjn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bjn, geminated stem: bjnn

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural bjn bjnw, bjn bjnt bjn bjn ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 bjn ḥr bjn m bjn r bjn suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect bjn.n consecutive bjn.jn terminative bjnt perfective3 bjn obligative1 bjn.ḫr imperfective bjn prospective3 bjn potentialis1 bjn.kꜣ subjunctive bjn verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect bjn.n — — perfective bjn bjn bjn, bjnw5, bjny5 imperfective bjn, bjny, bjnw5 bjn, bjnj6, bjny6 bjn, bjnw5 prospective bjn, bjntj7 bjntj4, bjnt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bjn  

bjn

[New Kingdom]

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of bjn: bad, evil

Inflection

Declension of bjn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	bjn	bjnt
dual	bjnwj	bjntj
plural	bjnw	bjnwt1, bjnt2

¹ Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
² From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Along with nfr and ꜥꜣ, bjn is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉ (bououne)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn)
• Old Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn), ⲃⲱⲱⲛⲉ (bōōne)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 442.15–443.17
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 81