beirniadu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From beirniad (“critic; adjudicator”) + -u.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /bei̯rnˈjadɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /bei̯rnˈja(ː)di/
- Rhymes: -adɨ̞
Verb
[edit]beirniadu (first-person singular present beirniadaf)
- to criticise
- to adjudicate
- Synonym: dyfarnu
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | beirniadaf | beirniedi | beirniada | beirniadwn | beirniedwch, beirniadwch | beirniadant | beirniedir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
beirniadwn | beirniadit | beirniadai | beirniadem | beirniadech | beirniadent | beirniedid | |
| preterite | beirniedais | beirniedaist | beirniadodd | beirniadasom | beirniadasoch | beirniadasant | beirniadwyd | |
| pluperfect | beirniadaswn | beirniadasit | beirniadasai | beirniadasem | beirniadasech | beirniadasent | beirniadasid, beirniadesid | |
| present subjunctive | beirniadwyf | beirniedych | beirniado | beirniadom | beirniadoch | beirniadont | beirniader | |
| imperative | — | beirniada | beirniaded | beirniadwn | beirniedwch, beirniadwch | beirniadent | beirniader | |
| verbal noun | beirniadu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | beirniadedig beirniadadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | beirniada i, beirniadaf i | beirniadi di | beirniadith o/e/hi, beirniadiff e/hi | beirniadwn ni | beirniadwch chi | beirniadan nhw |
| conditional | beirniadwn i, beirniadswn i | beirniadet ti, beirniadset ti | beirniadai fo/fe/hi, beirniadsai fo/fe/hi | beirniaden ni, beirniadsen ni | beirniadech chi, beirniadsech chi | beirniaden nhw, beirniadsen nhw |
| preterite | beirniadais i, beirniades i | beirniadaist ti, beirniadest ti | beirniadodd o/e/hi | beirniadon ni | beirniadoch chi | beirniadon nhw |
| imperative | — | beirniada | — | — | beirniadwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| beirniadu | feirniadu | meirniadu | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “beirniadu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies