ballag
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]An onomatopoeia expressing the image of slow walking + -ag. First attested in 1504.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]ballag
- (intransitive) to walk slowly
- (intransitive) to have one’s farewell (graduation) ceremony (at the end of the last year, saying goodbye to the school by visiting the classrooms and the surrounding area in groups, singing traditional songs)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of ballag
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ballagok | ballagsz | ballag | ballagunk | ballagtok | ballagnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ballagtam | ballagtál | ballagott | ballagtunk | ballagtatok | ballagtak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. ballagni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ballagék | ballagál | ballaga | ballagánk | ballagátok | ballagának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ballag vala, ballagott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ballagandok | ballagandasz | ballagand | ballagandunk | ballagandotok | ballagandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ballagnék | ballagnál | ballagna | ballagnánk | ballagnátok | ballagnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ballagott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ballagjak | ballagj or ballagjál |
ballagjon | ballagjunk | ballagjatok | ballagjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ballagott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | ballagni | ballagnom | ballagnod | ballagnia | ballagnunk | ballagnotok | ballagniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| ballagás | ballagó | ballagott | ― | ballagva (ballagván) | ballagtat | ||||
potential conjugation of ballag
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | ballaghatok | ballaghatsz | ballaghat | ballaghatunk | ballaghattok | ballaghatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ballaghattam | ballaghattál | ballaghatott | ballaghattunk | ballaghattatok | ballaghattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ballaghaték | ballaghatál | ballaghata | ballaghatánk | ballaghatátok | ballaghatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. ballaghat vala, ballaghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ballaghatandok or ballagandhatok |
ballaghatandasz or ballagandhatsz |
ballaghatand or ballagandhat |
ballaghatandunk or ballagandhatunk |
ballaghatandotok or ballagandhattok |
ballaghatandanak or ballagandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ballaghatnék | ballaghatnál | ballaghatna | ballaghatnánk | ballaghatnátok | ballaghatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. ballaghatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ballaghassak | ballaghass or ballaghassál |
ballaghasson | ballaghassunk | ballaghassatok | ballaghassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. ballaghatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (ballaghatni) | (ballaghatnom) | (ballaghatnod) | (ballaghatnia) | (ballaghatnunk) | (ballaghatnotok) | (ballaghatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (ballaghatva / ballaghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
References
[edit]- ^ ballag in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
[edit]- ballag in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ballag in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).